Ethnography : step-by-step

The first step : an overview:Overview

The Problem

Basic or Applied Role

Theory

Research Design: Fieldwork

Formal Analysis

The Ethnography

Book Organization

Walking in rhythm : anthropological concepts: Culture

Holistic Perspective

Contextualization

Emic Perspective and Multiple Realities

Etic Perspective

Nonjudgmental Orientation

Inter- and lntracultural Diversity

Structure and Function

Symbol and Ritual

Micro- or Macrolevel Study

Operationalism

A wilderness guide : methods and techniques: Fieldwork

Selection and Sampling

Entry

Participant Observation

Interviewing

Survey or Grand Tour Question

Specific Questions

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Open-Ended or Closed-Ended Questions

Interviewing Protocols and Shategies

Key Actor or Informant Interviewing

Life Histories and Expressive Autobiographical Interviews

Lists and Forms

Questionnaires

Projective Techniques

Additional Eliciting Devices

Unobtrusive Measures

Outcroppings

Written and Electronic Information

Proxemics and Kinesics

Folktales

Gearing up : ethnographic equipment: Pen and Paper

Digital Voice Recorders

Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)

GPS Navigation Tools

Laptop Computers

Desktop Computers

Database Software

Cameras

Digital Camcorder

Cinema and Digital Video

Internet

Internet Maps

Telephony

Videoconferencing Technology

Online Surveys

File Sharing

Digital Photograph File Sharing

Blog

Collaborative Word Processing and Spreadsheets

Collaborative Web Site

Finding your way through the forest : analysis: Thinking

Triangulation

Patterns

Key Events

Maps

Flowcharts

Organizational Charts

Matrices

Content Analysis

Statistics

Problems With Statistics

Crystallization

Recording the miracle : writing: Research Proposals

Field Notes

Shorthand, Symbols, and Mnemonics

Reconstruction

Field Note Organization

Memoranda

Interim Reports

Final Reports, Articles, and Books

Thick Description and Verbatim Quotations

Ethnographic Present

Ethnographic Presence

Ethnographically Informed Reports

Literature

Revising and Editing

Walking softly through the wilderness : ethics: The Ethnographer's Role

Academic and Applied Ethnography

Academic Ethnographers

Applied Ethnographers

Administrative Ethnographers

Action Ethnographers

Advocate Ethnographers

Research Life Cycle

Inception and Prenatal Care: The Problem

Gestation and Birth: Proposals

Midwifing: Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

Childhood: Field Preparation

Adolescence and Adulthood: Fieldwork

Permission

Honesty

Trust

Pseudonyms

Reciprocity

Guilty Knowledge and Dirty Hands

Rigorous Work

Retirement and Last Rites

Conclusion