...Noting these constitutional directives, the Court in Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How. 65 (1857), explained: "These provisions show that Congress has the power...for the trial and punishment of military and naval offences in the manner then and now practiced by civilized nations; and that the power to do so is...

...the civil jurisdiction, and making the President commander-ln-chief, observes as follows:—"These provisions show that Congress has the power to provide...for the trial and punishment of military and naval offences in the manner then and now practised by civilized nations, and that the power to do so is...

...plenary, and without limitation or restriction. (1909), £7 Op. Atty. Gen. 260. The power of Congress to provide for the trial and punishment of military and naval offenses, under the above and other provisions of Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution, ia independent of...

...Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces. Exclusive Power of Congress The power of Congress to provide for the trial and punishment of military and naval offenses by courts-martial may be exercised under this clause, without regard to the fifth amendment, and it...