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64

IMPERSONAL VERBS.

(a) Denoting the state of the atmosphere :

Pendant un orage il pleut, il grêle,

il tonne, il éclaire.

En hiver il gèle, il neige.
Au printemps il dégèle.

Quel temps fait-il? (for Conj. of
faire, see § 77).

Tantôt il fait beau temps, tantôt

mauvais temps.

Au mois d'août il fait chaud.
Au printemps il fait doux.

En automne il fait frais.
En hiver il fait froid.

Il fait jour à six heures du matin.
Il fait nuit (sombre) après le coucher
du soleil.

En novembre il fait du brouillard.
En mars il fait de la poussière.
Il fait clair de lune.

During a thunderstorm it rains, it
hails, it thunders, it lightens
In winter it freezes, it snows.
In spring it thaws.

What sort of weather is it?

Sometimes it is fine, at other times it is bad weather.

In August it is hot.
In spring it is mild.
In autumn it is cool.
In winter it is cold.

It is daylight at six in the morning.
It is dark after sunset.

In November it is foggy. In March it is dusty. The moon shines.

(b) Only occasionally impersonal :

Il s'agit de faire son devoir.

De quoi s'agissait-il ?—

Il s'agissait de payer.

De qui s'agissait-il ?—
Il s'agissait de nous.

Il s'agira de votre honneur.

1 Notice the different ways of

Il importe que vous finissiez cette règle.

Il arrive souvent qu'on est trompé.
Il semble que cela soit facile.

Il y va de votre vie (§ 65).
Il y va de vos interêts.

1. Il me faut une clef (§ 72).

Il te faut un dé.

Il lui faut un crayon.

Il nous faut du thé.

Il vous faut de l'eau.

Il leur faut des plumes.

2. Il me faut finir.

Il faut que je finisse.

Il faut que l'ouvrier finisse.

The question is to do one's duty.1
What was it necessary to do?—
It was necessary to pay.
Who was concerned?—

We were concerned.

Your honour will be at stake. rendering s'agir de in English.

}

It is important that you should finish this sum.

It often happens that one is deceived.
It seems to be easy.

Your life is at stake, etc.

Your interests are at stake, etc.

I want (must have) a key.

You want (must have) a thimble.
He (she) wants (must have) a pencil.
We want (must have) tea.

You want (must have) water.
They want (must have) pens.

I must finish, etc.

The workman must finish, etc.

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Combien y a-t-il de Paris à Londres?-How far is it from Paris to London ?—

Il y a environ 450 kilomètres.

Y avait-il souvent des concerts?

Y a-t-il eu un orage ce matin ?

About 280 miles.

Were there often concerts?

Has there been a storm this morning?

Y a-t-il longtemps que vous êtes ici?— Have you been here a long time?—

Mais oui, il y a une demi-heure.

Why yes, half an hour.

Combien y a-t-il qu'elle est mariée?— How long has she been married?—

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65

B. IRREGULAR AND ANOMALOUS VERBS

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF CLASSIFICATION OF IRREGULAR AND

ANOMALOUS VERBS

ILLUSTRATED BY REPRESENTATIVE VERBS

The FIRST CONJUGATION contains only two Anomalous Verbs :-
Aller, to go, the parts of which are derived from three different Stems:-
va- in Indic. Pres. Sing., 3d p. Plur., and Imperat. 2d p. Sing;

ir- in Future and Conditional Pres. ;

and all- in all other Parts.

Envoyer, to send, anomalous in Fut. and Condit. only.

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TENSES.

1ST CONJUGATION :-aller, to go. I. SIMPLE TENSES.

INFINITIVE.

aller, to go.

PARTICIPLES.

allant, going.

Present.

Perfect.

être allé, to have gone.

allé, gone.

INDICATIVE.

étant allé, having gone.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

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1. allons, let us go.
2. allez, go ye.

(va followed by y or en takes s:-vas-y; vas-en chercher.)

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Envoyer, to send, is irregular in the Fut. and Condit. only :j'enverrai, etc., j'enverrais, etc.

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