Silver Color is made by introducing raspings of Ivory. Pale White Color is made by mixing Camphor with the Composition.

Lemon Color is produced from raspings of yellow Amber.

Russet Color is produced from Crude Antimony.

Red Flame, inclining to brown, is produced by Greek Pitch.

Dusky Flame is produced by black Pitch.

Blueish Flame is made by introducing Sulphur in a moderate quantity.

Green Flame is made from the introduction of Sal Ammoniac, and Verdigris.

White Flame. Saltpetre, Sulphur, Mealed powder, and Camphor; the Saltpetre must be the chief part.

WILD FIRE, WHICH BURNS UNDER WATER.

Mix well together equal quantities of Sulphur, Naptha, Bitumen, Pitch, and Gum.

GERBES.

Gerbes consist of strong cylindrical cases of thick paper, filled with brilliant Composition, and sometimes with balls or stars. Gerbes throw up into the air luminous and sparkling jets of fire: and when arranged in a circular manner, as the radii of a circle, they form what is called a Fixed Sun. The thickness of the Cases for Brilliant fire must be a fourth part of the diameter, and for Chinese fire a sixth part. The Case is loaded on a nipple, having a point equal in length to the same diameter, and in thickness to a fourth part of it: but as it generally happens that the mouth of the Jet becomes larger than is necessary for the effect of the fire, the Case should be first charged by filling it to a height, equal to a fourth part of the diameter, with clay, which must be rammed down. When the charge is completed with the Composition, the Case should be closed

with a tompeon of wood, and then choaked. The train or match must be of the same Composition as that employed for loading, otherwise the Jet would be subject to burst. Charged cases may be pierced with two holes near the neck, in order to have three Jets: or if a top pierced with a number of holes be added to them, they will imitate a bubbling fountain. Jets intended for representing sheets of fire ought not to be choaked. They must be placed in a horizontal position or inclining a little downwards.

Compositions, for Gerbes, or Jets of fire.

The Saltpetre, Powder, and Charcoal are three times sifted through a hair sieve; the iron sand is besprinkled with sulphur, after being moistened with spirits of wine, that the sulphur may adhere to it; and they are then mixed together. The sulphurated sand is then spread over the first mixture, and the whole is mixed with a ladle only, for if a sieve was employed, it would separate the sand from the other materials.

When Sand larger than the 2nd Order is used, the Composition is moistened with spirits of wine, so that it forms itself into balls, and the Jets are then loaded with them.

IRON FILINGS.

These Filings must be quite clean and free from rust. They must be thoroughly mixed with the Compositions of which they form one of the ingredients: which however will not afterwards keep in good order longer than a week, as the moisture contracted by Saltpetre rusts the Filings and destroys the effect they are intended to produce.

IRON SAND, OR POUNDED IRON.

Having broken a cast iron plate, or iron pot, to pieces on an anvil, pulverize the fragments till the grains are not larger than radish seed, then sift them through six graduated Sieves to separate the different sizes; and preserve these six different kinds in a very dry place in closely corked bottles. The grains which pass through the 1st or finest sieve are called Sand of the 1st Order; and those that pass through the 2nd sieve sand of the 2nd Order, &c. Compositions into which iron filings, or sand, are introduced must not be driven hard, for fear of accidents by explosion.

LEADERS, OR PIPES OF COMMUNICATION.

These are small tubes of paper, of lengths adapted to the distances to which they are to extend. The paper is cut into slips two or three inches broad, or sufficient to go four times round the Formers, which are about one fourth of an inch diameter. Brass wire formers are the best, and should be oiled to prevent the paper sticking. Quick match is inserted in these tubes, but must be made to go in easily. The Quick match should project an inch beyond each end of the leader, and should be inserted into the mouths of the cases of the Fireworks with a small quantity of mealed powder. The leaders must not be placed too near, or across each other so as to touch, as it may happen that the fire from one may communicate to another, and destroy thereby the intended arrangements.

MARROONS.

Marroons are boxes containing from 1 to 6 ounces of powder. They are made either on a square, or round

Former, and the ends of the paper are pasted down, and well welded round with kitted twine worked over cross ways. A hole is bored into the case, and a match inserted.

MEALING GUNPOWDER.

A small quantity of Powder, being placed on a table with a rim round it, is rubbed down with a scored wooden mealer until all the grains are broken, and it becomes sufficiently fine to pass through a lawn sieve.

PASTE FOR REPRESENTING ANIMALS, &c. IN FIRE.

Reduce Sulphur to an impalpable powder, and having formed it into a Paste with starch, cover with it the Figure intended to be represented on fire: which must, however, have been previously coated over with clay to prevent it from being burnt. When covered with the paste besprinkle it, while still moist, with mealed powder; and when perfectly dry, arrange some matches on the principal parts, so that fire may be speedily communicated to every part of it. The same paste may be employed to form Festoons, Garlands, &c., the flowers of which might be imitated by fires of different colors, and could be formed on the frieze of a piece of architecture, covered with clay to preserve the stone or wood from the effect of the fire. The Chinese imitate Grapes exceedingly well, by mixing powdered sulphur with the pulp of the jejube, instead of flour paste or starch.

PORTFIRES, FOR ILLUMINATIONS.

The Cases are made of three or four rounds of thin paper, the last round being pasted: they are from 2 to 5 eighths of an inch in diameter, and from 2 to 6 inches long; they are pinched close at one end, and left open at the other. In filling them a small quantity of the Composition must be put in at a time, ramming it lightly, so as not to break the Case.

Compositions.

1. Saltpetre, 1lb. Sulphur, 8oz. Mealed powder, 6oz.

2. Amber Lights. Mealed powder, 9 oz. Amber, 3 oz.

3. Saltpetre, 2 lb.

Sulphur, 3lb. Antimony, 1lb.

4. Saltpetre, 3 lb.

Sulphur, 24 lb. Mealed powder, 1 lb. Antimony, lb. Glass dust, 4oz. Brass dust, loz. Note.-Compositions N°. 3 and 4 driven 14 inch in a one ounce Case will burn one minute.

RAIN, GOLD AND SILVER.

Fill small paper cases, or goose quills with the Composition, and place upon the mouth of each some moist powder, both to keep in the Composition and to serve as a match. If the head of a Rocket be loaded with these cases or quills, a shower of fiery Rain will be produced at the extreme range of the Rocket.

Compositions.

Gold Rain.

1. Saltpetre, 1lb. Mealed powder, 4oz. Sulphur, 4 oz. Brass dust, 1 oz. Saw dust, 21 oz. Glass dust, 6 drs. 2. Mealed powder, 12 oz. Saltpetre, 2 oz. Charcoal, 4oz.

1. Saltpetre, 4 oz. Sulphur, Mealed powder, and
Antimony, each 2 oz. Sal. Prunella, 1⁄2 oz.

2. Saltpetre, 8oz. Sulphur, 2 oz. Charcoal, 4 oz.
3. Saltpetre, 1lb. Antimony, 6oz. Sulphur, 4 oz.
4. Saltpetre, 4 oz. Sulphur, 1 oz. Powder. 2oz.
Steel dust, oz.

ROCKETS, LINE.

Any Rocket, which is not very large, may be made to run along an extended rope. For this purpose affix to the