figure (or figures,) it augments the value of that figure (or figures) ten times, or in the same tenfold ratio as would any other figure; thus, 5 with a cypher annexed, signifies (50) fifty; with two cyphers annexed, it signifies (500) five hundred. Q. What does the following Table illustrate? A. The following Table more fully illustrates how the cypher, when placed at the right hand of a figure, aug Q. What does the Cypher denote ? A. The Cypher denotes the want of a number as shown in the above Table.-This Table also shows that every cypher annexed, increases the value of the figure on its left, tenfold. Q. What is the following Table intended to show? A. The following Table is intended to show that any figure placed in the second column from the right, is ten times the value as when placed in the first; and when placed in the third, is ten times the value as when placed in the second, and one hundred times the value as when placed in the first, &c. SECOND NUMERATION TABLE. Tens of Trillions. Hunds. of T. of B. Tens of T. of B. Hunds. of B. Hunds. of T. of M. co Tens of B. -Tens of T. of M. co Thous. of M. Thousands. ∞ Units. Q. How is the signification of the figures composing the preceding Table to be known? A. The words over the Table show the signification of those figures against which they stand; and the figures show how many of that signification are meant. Thus, units, in the first place, signify ones, and 8 standing against it, shows that eight ones are here meant; tens, in the second place, shows that every figure in this place means so many tens, and 7 standing against it, shows that seven tens are here meant, equal to seventy, the real signification of the figure; hundreds, in the third place, shows that every figure in this place means so many hundreds, and 6 standing against it, shows that six hundreds are here meant; and in this manner is known the value of each remaining figure in the Table. Q. Should the figures be pointed off into periods? A. In large numbers, it is very convenient to point the figures into periods, and it is often practised in public offices; and by men of business, to point off any number of figures into periods of three figures each; then the left hand figure of every three thus pointed off, is either hundreds of units, hundreds of thousands, or hundreds of millions, &c. Q. Are the words over the Table applicable to any sum ? A. The words over the tables are applicable to any sum, and must be committed to memory from right to left; thus, units, tens, hundreds, thousands, &c.; and then the figures must be read from left to right according to the names over them. Q. For what are billions, trillions, &c. substituted? A. Billions are substituted for millions of millions; trillions, for millions of millions of millions, &c. By the following Table, any number of figures is more easily known. THIRD NUMERATION TABLE. Millions, Tens, X. of Millions, Units, C. of Thousands, Thousands, Hundreds, X. of Thousands, 1= One. 11= Eleven. 22 1 =Two hundred twenty-one. 5,3 3 1 9 6,4 4 1 1 7 25,5 5 8,4 6 9, 1 7 7 9 9,99 9,99 9 Ninety-six thousand 441. 8 millions 469 thousand 177. 99 millions 999 thousand 999. Q. What is the method of writing down numbers in figures? A. At the right hand, begin and write units in the unit's place, tens in the ten's place, hundreds in the hundred's place, &c. writing each figure in its proper value in numeration; taking care to supply those places of the natural order with cyphers where a number is wanting : Thus, two hundred and four, is written 204. EXAMPLES. NOTE.-One half of the numbers here given in words, is expressed in figures; the other half is left for exercises of the pupil. 2002002 900000090 Nine hundred thousand, and nine. One thousand millions, one hundred and one. Q. What is the method of writing down numbers in words? A. Begin with the left hand figures, and write them down in words at full length from the highest place given through the whole, writing down the lowest place last; and wherever a cypher is given, the number wanting in that place is not expressed: Thus, 10 is written ten. EXAMPLES. NOTE-One half of the numbers here given in figures, is expressed in words; the other half is left for exercises of the pupil. 440004 999919 6006006 110421860 111000900 Four hundred, forty thousand, and four. Six millions, six thousand, and six. One hundred eleven millions, and nine hundred. PRINCIPAL RULES OF ARITHMETIC. Q. What are the Principal Rules of Arithmetic? A. The principal rules of Arithmetic are Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division; which four embrace the whole art of Arithmetic. Q. How are these Rules divided? A. The Rules of Arithmetic are divided into two kinds; simple and compound. Q. When are they simple; and when compound? A. The Rules are simple, when the numbers are all of one denomination; and compound, when they are of several denominations. Q. What are all other rules and operations in Arithmetic? A. All the other rules in Arithmetic are nothing more than various uses and repetitions of these four rules. |
