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By the third mode, it would be estimated at 61 days, or 2 months and 1 day.

In the above, and in all similar cases, the second of these methods will give more time than the first, and the third will give more time than the first or second.

If, however, the above note matured March 10, and were discounted Jan. 11, whilst the time by the first mode would be 1 day less than 2 months, viz., 1 month, 29 days, — by the second mode it would be 1 month, 27 days, and by the third mode, 58 days, cr 1 month, 28 days. In this case, the third mode gives less the second, less time than the third or first. from the difference in the length of the calendar months; and, since a majority of the months have 31 days, the second and third modes will, on the whole, give more time than the first, and the third more time than the first or second.

time than the first, and These differences arise

To avoid these irregularities, it is customary to make notes, running for short times, payable in 30, 60, or 90 days, instead of 1, 2, or 3 months.

NOTE 1. By custom, at the banks, a note which is given for months matures on the day corresponding with its date: if the month in which it matures has no corresponding day, it matures on the last day of the month. Thus, four notes dated severally the 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st of Dec., 1864, and given for two months, all mature Feb. 28, with grace, March 3; while one dated Feb. 28 would mature April 28 and May 1. NOTE 2. A note falling due on the Sabbath, or on a legal holiday, must be paid on the business day next preceding. Thus, when a holiday occars on Monday, notes maturing that day must be paid on the previous Saturday.

TO COMPUTE INTEREST FOR EXACT DAYS.

525. The interest for days is calculated, in some of the United States, in Great Britain, and by the United States government, at 365 days to the year; 1 day's interest being considered of a year's interest. By the ordinary method it is calculated at 360 days to the year; this gives a year's interest for of a year, which is, or too much. Hence,

To obtain the true interest for days: Subtract from the interest found by the ordinary method, of itself.

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31

61 92 122

30 61 91

August, 153 184 212 243 273 304 334 365
September, 122 153 181 212 242 273 303 334 365
October, 92 123 151 182 212 243 273 304 335 365 31 61
November, 61 92 120 151 181 212 242 273 304 334 365 30
December, 31 62 90 121 151 182 212 243 274 304 335 365

NOTE. In leap years, if the last day of February is included in the time, a day must be added to the number obtained from the table.

MEASUREMENT OF LUMBER.

526. The contents of boards, and of hewn and round timber, whether they are of uniform dimensions throughout or taper regularly, may be found by rules explained in Mensuration. The following additional directions for finding their contents may be serviceable:—

BOARD MEASURE.

527. If a board be 1 inch or less in thickness, its contents are found by multiplying its length by its mean breadth. The mean breadth of a board tapering regularly is half the sum of the breadth of its two ends. If it is irregular in shape, the average of a number of measurements at equal distances must be used as the If the board is more than 1 inch thick, the

mean breadth.

square contents in feet must be multiplied by the thickness in inches. Thus, a board whose length is 7 feet, mean breadth 2 feet, and thickness inch, contains 14 feet, board measure; but a board whose length and breadth are the same as given above, and whose thickness is 2 inches, contains 28 feet, board

measure.

EXAMPLES.

1. Required the contents of a board 10 ft. long and 1 in. thick, which is 2 ft. wide at one end, and 1 ft. 6 in. wide at the other.

2. Required the contents of a board 14 ft. long, & in. thick, and measuring at the ends 2 ft. 3 in. and 1 ft. 9 in. respectively. 3. Required the contents of a board 16 ft. long and 11⁄2 in. thick, whose mean breadth is 2 ft. 5 in.

MEASUREMENT OF TIMBER.

528. The contents of timber are often estimated in board measure, and are found by multiplying the product of the length and mean breadth expressed in feet, by the mean depth expressed in inches. If estimated in cubic measure, the product of the length, mean breadth, and mean depth, expressed in the same dimensions, must be found.

EXAMPLES.

1. Required the contents of a piece of joist 20 ft. long, whose mean breadth is 4 inches, and mean depth 3 inches, board meas

ure.

2. Give the contents in cubic measure.

3. How many feet, board measure, in a stick of timber 15 ft. long, the breadth at the ends being 6 in. and 4 in., and the depth at the ends 4 in. and 2 in. respectively?

529. The contents of round timber may be obtained by ascertaining its mean diameter, and from that, as a basis, estimating its contents as if it were a cylinder, or by squaring of the mean girt, and multiplying the square by twice the length.

1. How many cubic feet in a stick of round timber, whose mean girt is 8 ft., and whose length is 12 ft.?

MISCELLANEOUS.

530. Shingling, and other plain work, as flooring and partitioning, are generally estimated by the square of 100 feet. 1000 shingles are allowed for a square.

531. Painting is measured by the square yard.

532. Plastering is measured by the square foot, square yard, or square of 100 ft.

533. Glazing is measured by the square foot, including the sash.

534. Paving is measured by the square foot, or square yard.

535. Bricklaying is generally estimated by the thousand bricks; sometimes it is estimated by the square yard, square rod, or square (of 100 ft.), allowing 14 bricks, or 12 in. in thickness.

A great variety of methods for measuring prevail. Some workmen make no allowance for doors and windows, others make allowance of half the space occupied by doors and windows, and others still estimate the exact amount of material and labor employed. Measurements are taken on the outside of walls, no allowance being made for corners. In estimating the number of bricks used, an allowance of one tenth of the solid contents is made for mortar.

GAUGING.

536. Gauging is the process of finding the capacity of casks, or other vessels, in gallons or bushels.

537. To find the capacity of a cask or barrel :

Add the squares of the head diameter, of the bung diameter, and of twice the middle diameter. Multiply the sum thus obtained by .0005667 times the length, and the result will be the contents in gallons.

NOTE. The middle diameter is the diameter of the section midway between the bung and the head. The dimensions used in the above rule should be expressed in inches.

1. Find the capacity, in gallons, of a cask whose length is 40 inches, the head diameter 25 inches, the bung diameter 32 inches, and the middle diameter 29 inches. Ans. 113.634 gal.+

NEW HAMPSHIRE RULE FOR ANNUAL INTEREST WITH PARTIAL PAYMENTS.

538. When notes are given upon "annual interest" (Art. 277), and partial payments are made during the year, instead of following the United States rule (Art. 274), which makes a new principal at the time of each payment,

the

1. Compute annual interest upon the principal to the end of the first year in which any payments are made; also compute interest upon payment or payments from the time they are made to the end of the

year.

2. Apply the amount of such payment or payments, first to cancel any interest that may have accrued upon the yearly interests, then to cancel the yearly interests themselves, and then towards the payment of the principal.

3. Proceed in the same way with succeeding payments.

4. If, at the time of any payment, no interest is due except what is accruing during the year, and the payment or payments are less than the interest due at the end of the year, deduct such payment or payments at the end of the year, without interest added.

NOTE. No interest should be computed beyond the time of settlement.

539. EXAMPLES.

1. A note for $2500, dated Oct. 1, 1860, was given on demand, with interest payable annually at 6 %.

June 1, 1862, $500.00. Endorsements, March 17, 1863, 87.94. 1, 1865, 1000.00.

Dec.

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