Bulletin, Issue 41898 - Geology |
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Ablemans alternate freezing Amberg Average number Bass Island beds blocks bluffs Bros brown Brownst brownstone buff building stone calcite cemented Chapter VIII clay pockets color construction courses crushing strength cubes curbing cutting and dressing derricks dimension stone dolomite Duluth Dunnville durability Facilities at hand feet feldspar Flag River formation foundation freezing and thawing grade grains gray hand for quarrying igneous rocks inch iron oxide Iron River irregular laboratory Lake Superior Lannon lime limestone located loss in weight mainly miles Milwaukee minerals modulus Montello Montello Granite monumental number of employees obtained occurs opening operated paid different classes pier places planes Plate porosity Port Wing quartz ratio of absorption Rept rhyolite river rough rubble specific gravity Statistical Data Stone Co.'s quarry stone quarried stripping Sturgeon Bay surface Table temperature tests texture thickness Trenton Wages paid different walls Washburn Waukesha Wauwatosa Wisconsin
Popular passages
Page 419 - It follows: 1, talc; 2, gypsum; 3, calcite; 4, fluorite; 5, apatite; 6, orthoclase; 7, quartz; 8, topaz; 9, corundum; 10, diamond.
Page 20 - Third and last in importance is the total amount of pore space. The higher the percentage of pore space, provided the pores are of the same size and the degree of saturation be equal, the greater the danger from freezing. TS Hunt, in "Chemical and Geological Essays," says: "Other things being equal, it may properly be said that the value of a stone for building purposes is inversely as its porosity or absorbing power.
Page 65 - After heating at this temperature for about 24 hours, the samples were again weighed and the weights recorded for comparison with the first dry weights. In some cases the second dry weight was identical with the first to a hundredth of a gram. In but very few instances did the weights vary over 2-10 of a gram, which would be an error of only 1-800 to 1-1500 of the total weight, or 1-100 of the increase in weight. When reckoned in per cent., the error would be such a small fraction of 1 per cent....
Page 424 - ... of this group are ordinarily composed of one or more of the elements magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, sodium, and lithium, in combination with silicon and oxygen, with the addition in certain of the important species, of aluminum, as an essential constituent. The hardness varies from 5 to 6, but in some of the less common species reaches as high as 7. The color and luster of the cleavage faces are essentially the same as in the preceding amphibole group. As has been previously observed, it...
Page 419 - ... of the mineral in the scale, and minerals of intermediate hardness are expressed by fractions. The capacity which some minerals have to part more readily in certain directions than in others is known as cleavage. A mineral may possess cleavage in one or several directions. It may be well developed in one mineral, and poorly developed in others. The presence of cleavage, its perfection, and its relation to the different faces of the crystal often furnish a valuable means of identification. The...
Page xxii - To understand the characteristics of building and ornamental •stones, one must be familiar with the composition, manner of formation, and occurrence of the common minerals and rocks. It is frequently necessary in discussing the chemical, mineral•ogical, and physical qualities of stones to use terms with which the general public is not familiar. In view of these facts, and for the benefit of those who have little or no knowledge of the composition and kinds of minerals and rocks, or of the common...
Page 435 - ... cleavage. It is also quite readily dissolved in carbonated waters. A sandstone in which the individuals are cemented with, iron oxide is less strong than one cemented with either silica or calcite. As a rule, iron oxide is the least important of the three cements. Writers are constantly classifying iron oxide as a more durable cement than calcite, probably drawing their conclusions from the durability of the brown sandstone. But the most durable brown sandstone, such as occurs in Wisconsin, is...
Page 361 - ... but also have pores of very small size. Many of the pores in the granites and some of the limestones are certainly of not more than sub-capillary size. The pores in rocks of this character, when containing water, must be, theoretically, filled. It is more difficult for the water to penetrate a rock in which the pores are of this size, but when once it has made an entrance, it is vastly more difficult to expel it. Continued rains will fill a great many of the sub-capillary pores of a rock along...
Page 174 - Table V., is 2.637. The porosity, or percentage of actual pore space, recorded in the same table, is higher than most of the other rocks from Wisconsin quarries, and is apparently higher than sandstone from other states. But it must be remembered that in no other state report on building stones has an attempt been made to compute the actual percentage of pore space. That which is given in other reports is the percentage of the weight of water absorbed to the weight of the dry rock. This has also...
Page 305 - The quarry owned and operated by Andrew Barren is located southwest of Janesville, just outside of the city limits. The quarry has not been operated for a number of years, but the stone is essentially the same as that taken from the other quarries. Statistical Data. Amount of capital invested: $6,000.00.