An Introduction to Statistical Analysis |
Common terms and phrases
a₁ abscissas accurate ai+1 arithm arithmetic mean associated variables average b-unit b₁ bers bi+1 boundaries called cards Chapter characteristic class interval class values closest single-number approximation colog cologarithm column computation cross lines decimal form decimal places determine equal example Exercise expressed Find an approximation following table Table Formula frequency distribution given number gives grams harmonic mean Hence histograms illustrate inches increase integer IQ's line graphs locate logarithmic scale mathematical ability mean deviation measurements method multiplied natural number scale normal distribution original universe p₁ pairs perfect correlation possible error possible relative error pounds primary list pupils quantities represented quartile quotient rectangle result right-hand sample scale line sequence set of numbers smallest unit standard deviation student Table XLII Theorem three figures tion total frequency true value universe values vertical line weight write zero αι Δα Δαι σα ន ន ន
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Page 86 - The general arrangement of a diagram should proceed from left to right. " 2. Where possible represent quantities by linear magnitudes, as areas or volumes are more likely to be misinterpreted. " 3. For a curve the vertical scale, whenever practicable, should be so selected that the zero line will appear on the diagram.
Page 88 - ... 7. When the scale of a diagram refers to dates, and the period represented is not a complete unit, it is better not to emphasize the first and last ordinates, since such a diagram does not represent the beginning or end of time.
Page 85 - The committee is making a study of the methods used in different fields of endeavor for presenting statistical and quantitative data in graphic form. As civilization advances there is being brought to the attention of the average individual a constantly increasing volume of comparative figures and general data of a scientific, technical and statistical nature. The graphic method permits the presentation of such figures and data with a great saving of time and also with more clearness than would otherwise...
Page 92 - ... 16. All lettering and all figures on a diagram should be placed so as to be easily read from the base as the bottom, or from the right-hand edge of the diagram as the bottom. Fig. 16. 17. The title of a diagram should be made as clear and complete as possible. Sub-titles or descriptions should be added if necessary to insure clearness.
Page 61 - The logarithm of any power of a number is equal to the logarithm of the number multiplied by the exponent of the power.
Page 91 - ... 12. The horizontal scale for curves should usually read from left to right and the vertical scale from bottom to top. "13. Figures for the scales of a diagram should be placed at the left and at the bottom or along the respective axes.
Page 90 - The curve lines of a diagram should be sharply distinguished from the ruling. 11. In curves representing a series of observations, it is advisable, whenever possible, to indicate clearly on the diagram all the points representing the separate observations.
Page 72 - The logarithm of the product of two or more numbers is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the numbers. For, let m and n be two numbers, and x and y their logarithms. Then, by the definition of a logarithm, m — ax, and n = a».
Page 85 - Chairman, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 7 East 42d Street, New York City. Leonard P. Ayres, Secretary, American Statistical Association. 130 East 22d Street, New York City. NA Carle, American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Robert E. Chaddock, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Frederick A Cleveland, American Academy of Political and Social Science. HE Crampton, American Genetic Association. Walter S.
Page 89 - ... 8. When curves are drawn on logarithmic co-ordinates, the limiting lines of the diagram should each be at some power of ten on the logarithmic scales. 9. It is advisable not to show any more co-ordinate lines than necessary to guide the eye in reading the diagram.