THE ANDERSON ARITHMETIC BOOK THREE BY ROBERT F. ANDERSON, Sc.D. PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS, STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Lena Malone PREFACE In the preparation of this series of arithmetics the author has utilized not only the results and conclusions of his own experience of many years, but also the results and conclusions of scientific investigations, experiments, and modern school practice in this subject. An examination of these books will reveal their adaptation to modern courses of study and methods of instruction. Book Three, the third of the series, aims, first, to review and to perfect the work of the preceding years involving processes with integers, fractions, and decimals so that the pupils may attain a high standard of efficiency; second, to make provision for the purposeful application of the processes of arithmetic to problems dealing with the common experiences and interests of children; and, third, to extend the problem material so as to include problems involved in the arithmetical requirements common to many vocations. Part One consists of four chapters and a general review. Chapter I affords sufficient practice in the processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with integers, fractions, and decimals to insure the results demanded by current standards. The use of the graph in this chapter will awaken anew the pupil's interest in attaining these high standards. The chapter also provides liberally for the application of this arithmetical knowledge, to the end that the pupil may become skillful in its use. Chapter II consists of a very elementary presentation of the use of letters as numbers, sufficiently adequate, however, to familiarize the pupil with the fundamental operations in examples and problems involving letters. This chapter will also prepare the pupil for the intelligent use of letters in formulæ as well as acquaint him with the method of solving the simplest kind of equation, and with the application of the equation to the solution of simple problems. The study of the three problems of percentage and their applications, begun in the preceding book, is carried forward in Chapter III, emphasized, extended, and applied so as to provide for the pupil's mastery of these three problems and their applications to trade discount, profit and loss, commission, and simple interest. Chapter IV thoroughly reviews and applies the tables of measures and introduces the foundation work in the measurement and construction of the simplest geometrical figures demanded by modern courses. Part Two consists of five chapters and an extensive general review. Chapter I reviews the work contained in Part One. Experience has shown that not only must the processes involving integers, fractions, and decimals including percentage recur with frequency, but that the applications of them must be recurrent and varied if the desired degree of facility and certainty in their application is to be attained. Chapter II, Banking and Negotiable Papers, and Chapter III, Investments, Taxes, and Insurance, furnish the pupil with a working knowledge of those modern business forms and usages which will be most helpful in his everyday life. These chapters are characterized by a simplicity of treatment which is, at the same time, in accord with the best business practices of to-day. Chapter IV extends the work of Part One in measurement and construction of simple geometrical figures and methods of finding their areas. It also familiarizes the pupil with methods of finding the lateral areas and volumes of the most commonly employed solids, with the use and application of formulæ in finding areas and volumes, and with measurements made in and about the home. Chapter V, Ratio and Proportion, includes all that is essential to a working knowledge of these subjects, freed from needless terms and principles. Sufficient practice and application of these subjects are provided to give the pupil facility in their use. Part Two closes with an extensive general review, testing out the pupil's knowledge of processes and principles and his ability to work problems, and enabling the teacher to ascertain whether or not the pupil is equipped with a thorough working knowledge of arithmetic. ROBERT F. ANDERSON. |