FRY. (from the verb.) A dish of things fried.

FRY'INGPAN. s. (fry and pan.) The vessel in which meat is roasted on the fire (Addison).

FRYTH, or FRITH, a plain between two woods: it also denotes an arm of the sea, as the Frith of Forth, the Frith of Clyde, &c. FUAGE, a tax of 12d. for every fire, levied in the time of Edward III.

To FUB. v. a. To put off. See FOB. (Shakspeare). FUB. S. worth).

A plump chubby boy (Ains

FUCATED. a. (fucatus, Latin.) 1. Paint ed; disguised with paint. 2. Disguised by false show.

FUCHSIA. In botany, a genus of the class octandria, order monogynia. Calyx four parted, coloured, bearing the corol; corol four petalled, berry inferior, four-celled, manyseeded. Five species; all of South America, except F. exserticata, which is a native of New Zealand, with leaves a little hoary underneath; peduncles solitary; flowers pendulous; corol with an eight cleft border, every other segment lanceolate and spread; the rest erect and only a third of the size. The plant most usually cultivated among ourselves is F. coccinea, a native of Chili, and exquisitely beautiful and elegant. It is usually found with perennial stalks in our green-houses: but it will bear being planted abroad, only that in this situation it parts with its stalks every winter, which nevertheless are renewed every spring. See Botany, Pl. CX.

F. lycioides, or box-thorn fuchsia, is also well deserving of cultivation on account of its great beauty. It is a native of Chili, and requires with us the protection of a green-house; for when the stem is destroyed by the frost the root usually perishes with it. The first specimen of it in this country flowered in the royal garden at Kew in 1796. It is readily propagated by cuttings of the young shoots set in a hot-bed in March.

FUCUS, a name given by the ancients to certain dyes and paints. By this name they called a purple sea-plant used by them to die woollen and linen cloths of that colour. The dye was very beautiful, but not lasting; for it soon began to change, and in time went wholly off. This is the account Theophrastus gives of it.

The women of those times also used something called fucus to stain their cheeks red; and many have supposed, from the same word expressing both, that the same substance was used on both occasions. But this, on a strict inquiry, proves not to be the case. The Greeks called every thing fucus, that would stain or paint the flesh. But this peculiar substance, used by the women to paint their cheeks, was distinguished from the others by the name of rizion among the more corIcet writers, and was indeed a root brought from Syria into Greece. The Latins, in imitation of the Greek name, called this root VOL. V.

radicula; and Pliny very erroneously confounds the plant with the radix lunaria, or struthion of the Greeks.

The word fucus was in those times become such an universal name for paint, that the Greeks and Romans had a fucus metallicus, which was the cerus used for painting the necks and arms white; after which they used the purpurissum, or red fucus of the rixium, to give the colour to the cheeks. In after-times they also used a peculiar fucus or paint for the purpose, prepared of the Creta argentaria, or silver-chalk, and some of the rich purple dyes that were in use at that time: and this seems to have been very little different from our rosepink; a colour commonly sold at the colourshops.

Fucus. Sea-wrack. In botany, a genus of the class cryptogamia, order algae. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles, which burst at their summits. A hundred and forty-six species, of which eighty are common to the coasts of our own country. We can enumerate only a few: see Botany, Pl. CIX. CXVIII.

1. F. palmatus. Palmated fucus, dilse or dulse. Membranous, glabrous on both sides, palmate; segments oblong, nearly simple, very frequent on the coasts of Scotland and the Hebrides: membranaceous, thin and pellucid; of a red hue or red mixed with green: length from three inches to a foot; gradually dilated from the base upwards in the shape of a fan. It is often eaten as an esculent, both raw and boiled, and contains much alkali, a considerable portion of sugar, and a large quantity of

mucus.

Filiform,

2. F. natans. Floating fucus. compressed, pinnate; leaves oblong lanceolate serrate; vesicles globular, peduncled, scattered on flat dilated peduncles. Found often on the surface of the sea, spreading to a prodigious extent, and producing tranquillity on its sur face, except when agitated by variable winds.

3. F. serratus. Serrated sea-wrack or fucus. Linnear, forked, serrate-toothed, cloven and flat at the tips; barren ones obtuse, fertile and acute. It is infested, as are most of the fucus genus, with a species of coralline. In this case the species is the sertularia pumila of Linnéus, which is frequently found creeping along the leaf.

4. F. vesiculosus. Common sea-wrack; bladder sea-wrack; sea-ware. Linear, forked, entire; with globular, innate, and axillary vesicles, cloven at the tips; barren ones flat, fertile ones humid. It produces its fructifications like the last in July or August; hues and habits the same. It is used as a manure of most excellent quality on the sea-coasts of Scotland and in the Scottish islands. In the last it also serves as food for cattle, who appear fond of it: it is mucous and saccharine. In Sweden it is dried, and serves both for fuel and for thatch. In all parts where it is largely obtained it is of high value from the alkali it contains; and hence when burnt to ashes it affords the best kelp. The price of this in June is 31. 10s. per ton, and about forty or

K

fifty tons are exported from this island anuually

5. F. prolifer Proliferous sea-wrack. Frondescent, green, with ovate, flat, proliferous joints, of a red colour. The length of the plant is about four or five inches, the breadth of the leaf about a quarter of an inch. Its growth is peculiarly worthy of attention. It has no root, and originates leaf from leaf, consisting, like the cactus opuntia, of leaves alone, independently of the fructification. This last is a red spherical rough wart, less than the smallest pin's head, scattered without order on the surface of the leaves. They drop off and unfold themselves into primary or parent leaves. This plant is also much infested with coralline worms; of which the chief are the mandrepora vermiaria, and flustra pilosa.

6. F. saccharinus. Sweet fucus; sugar seawrack; sea-belt. Leathery, simple, swordshaped, on a round, rigid stem. It consists therefore of one linear, elliptic leaf, of a tawnygreen colour, from five feet to five yards in length, and about three inches wide. The stalk, from which it springs, from two inches to a foot. The root is composed of branched fibres which adhere to the stones, to which it fixes like claws. This plant is also frequently troubled with the sertula ciliaria. It is less esteemed in our own country than some other species: but in Iceland it is used as an esculent both for man and beast.

7. F. ciliatus. Ciliate, or ligulate fucus. Membranous, tough, pinnate; clothed and fringed with scattered, sabulate, mostly simple processes; bearing the seeds in a globular tubercle. It is found occasionally on our own coasts, and esteemed an esculent by the Scots and Irish it is found more generally on the Mediterranean coasts.

8. F. pinnatifidus. Pepper-dilse; jagged sea-wrack. Cartilaginous, branched; branches nearly alternate, doubly pinnatifid; segments obtuse, callous, with ovate, sessile tubercles. Colour yellow olive, tinged with red. It has a hot peppery taste, which is common to the maritime inhabitants of Scotland where it is used as an esculent: and hence its name.

9. F. esculentus. Eatable sea-wrack; tangle; bladder-locks. The stalk eaten more commonly both by man and beast than any part of any other fucus: the leaf and membranous parts however are rejected uniformly. Simple, undivided, uniform; on a pinnate stalk; divisions two-rowed, oblong, veinless. It is often recommended as a stomachic in medicine, and is said to be very useful in this character.

10. F. plicatus. Matted, implicated, or Indian-grass fucus. Capillary, uniform, muchbranched, entangled, nearly transparent. From three to six inches long; colour when exposed to the air and light yellowish or auburn; viscid, semipellucid, tough, and horny, resembling the Indian grass, as it is called by anglers, which they obtain from the tendrils issuing from the ovary of the dog-fish.

11. F. spiralis. Spiral fucus. Frond linear, dichotomous, spiral, entire with a central

rib; the fructifying extremities cloven, round. ed and obtuse. Perhaps a species of F. vesiculosus, though ranked separately in vol. iii. of the Transactions of the Linnean Society: found in our own country on stones and planks, growing about high-water mark, and always in such situations as to be exposed to the air after every tide.

12. F. membranaceus.

Pellucid fucus. Frond linear, forked, membranous, pellucid, greenish-brown. Midrif slightly prominent, here and there proliferous. Fruit in convex superficial dots. Found in our own country on the Devonshire and Scottish coasts.

13. F. articulatus. Jointed fucus. Frond tubular, regularly contracted at intervals as if jointed, much branched; joints elliptical; branches forked and whorled. Common to the coasts of Britain and Ireland.

14. F. confervoides. Warty fucus. Frond thread-shaped, branched, purplish; branches unequal, mostly leaning one way, tapering at each end. Tubercles hemispherical, lateral, sessile, acute. Found on our own coasts, and sometimes confounded with F. flagelliformis. To FUDDLE. v. a. To make drunk (Thomson.)

To Fu'DDLE. v. n. To drink to excess (L'Estrange.)

FUEGO, or FoGo, one of the Cape de Verd islands, in the Atlantic ocean. It is much higher than any of the rest, and seems at sea to be one single mountain though on the sides there are deep valleys. There is a volcano at the top of it, which burns continu ally, and may be seen a great way off at sea. It vomits a great deal of fire and smoke, and throws out huge pieces of rock to a vast height; and sometimes torrents of brimstone run down the sides. The Portuguese, who first inhabited it, brought negroes with them, and a stock of cows, horses, and hogs; but the chief inhabitants now are blacks, of the Romish religion. Lat. 14. 54 N. Lon. 24. 30 W.

FUEGO, or TERRA DEL FUEGO, a large island, separated from the southern extremity of America by a narrow sea, called the Straits of Magellan; so called from the volcanoes observed on it. The aspect of the country is represented as dreary and uncomfortable, consisting of a chain of stupendous rocks, and continually covered with snow. Along the coasts are a great number of inlets, or harbours, for the largest ships, with rocks near the sho which, however, may be discovered by sounding. The inhabitants are said to be naturally as fair as Europeans, but that they go naked, and paint their bodies with the most gorgeous colours. Those on the south side are said to be uncivilized, treacherous, and barbarous; while those on the opposite side are simple, affable, and perfectly harmless. The skins of wild animals are sometimes used to cover their

bodies, upon occasion of extraordinary pomp, and their tents are made of poles, disposed in a conical form, covered with skins, or the bark or leaves of trees. Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Solander, and some others, landed here in the