The Pipe Fitter's and Pipe Welder's Handbook

angle of cut base line bend bevel the edge branch center line coal connect points connect these points cotangent of angle cubic foot cubic inches CUT LINE degrees of turn diameter x diameter difference between circum Draw a straight Draw straight lines eccentric reducer Equal-Spread Offset Example factor for angle Find the length Formula four equal Four-Piece 90 frustum gallons header Inches of mercury Inches of water Laying Out Angles Laying Out Cut LAYOUT locating point Long tons Method of Laying Multiply Note number of degrees number of welds O.D. of pipe obtain one-half pipe into four Piping offset Pounds per square radial cut Reducing Tee reference lines right triangle Rolling Offset shown in Fig side single number soapstone square foot square inch Square Obstruction STEEL BUTT-WELDING FITTINGS Steel Square straight edge tangent of angle tank Three-Pipe Travel Set Travel Trigonometry Table two-piece 90 Two-Pipe 45 wrap x factor