Manual of Geology |
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Common terms and phrases
acid alternate whorls alumina animal kingdom appears atomic proportion basic rocks beds Birds bone breccias called carbonate of lime Carboniferous cells cent Cephalopods chalk character chemical composition classification clay coal composed condition contain corals creatures crust Crustaceans curve deposited developement Devonian diorites Divergence divided earth Echinoderms epoch eruptions existed fact feet felspar felspathic Fishes formation fossil geological geologists geometrical globe granite heat igneous rocks important iron lavas layer Leaves in whorls Lecture limestone lode lower Magma Mammals Marsupial masses melaphyres mica minerals modern Mollusks Neozoic period nodules observed organic origin oxide oxygen Paleozoic Paleozoic period plane plants Porphyry Protozoa pyroxenic quartz regard remarkable represented Reptiles sandstone schists shell silica Silurian skeleton slate species specimen stone strata stratified rocks structure supposed surface syenite symmetry Tertiary theory thickness tion trachytic upper vertebræ volcanic whorls Zoantharia zoological καὶ τὰ
Popular passages
Page 108 - And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five. And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he epake also of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes.
Page 83 - It seems, therefore, on the whole most probable that the sun has not illuminated the earth for 100,000,000 years, and almost certain that he has not done so for 500,000,000 years. As for the future, we may say, with equal certainty, that inhabitants of the earth cannot continue to enjoy the light and heat essential to their life for many million years longer unless sources now unknown to us are prepared in the great storehouse of creation.
Page 45 - ... gravity to its agency. The only manner in which it seems possible to reconcile the opposite theories of the origin of granite, derived from physical and chemical arguments, is to admit for granite what may be called a hydrometamorphic origin, which is the converse of what is commonly called metamorphic action, but which might more properly be designated as pyrometamorphic action. The metamorphism of rocks might thus be assumed to be twofold : hydrometamorphism, by which rocks originally fused,...
Page 256 - I believe the plant-beds on the summit of this to form an 'outlier,' and to occupy the same geological position with respect to the limestone as the beds at Jerpoint and those of the railway cutting. The fossil plants here found have never been described except casually. They consist of remains of a large Fern, called Cyclopteris hibernica, by Professor Forbes, associated with a large bivalve, named by him Anodon jukesii ; of undescribed dermal plates of a cartilaginous fish, probably a species of...
Page 149 - S., which is interrupted only twice ; by New Zealand, and the southern prolongation of the Andes. I do not mean to assert that the present valleys and lines of elevation were those of depression and elevation of the primeval crystal glass of the fractured crust of the original globe ; but I do believe that the lines I have pointed out were originally, and have always been, lines of either elevation or depression, and have constituted alternately the axes of continents or the valleys of the ocean.
Page 375 - Exprеs in horse-power the work done in pulverizing this ore, assuming the stamps to work 10 hours per day for six days in the week. 6. Two lodes intersect each other, and are found to be rich at their junction ; I want to sink a shaft upon the line of intersection, to take the vein at a given depth, and therefore require to know the bearing and underlay of the line of intersection. It is observed that the first lode bears N. 10° E., underlay 50° S., and the second lode bears E. 15° 5, underlay...
Page 99 - Although I have spoken somewhat disrespectfully of the geological calculus in my lecture, yet I believe that the time during which organic life has existed on the earth is practically infinite, because it can be shown to be so great as to be inconceivable by beings of our limited intelligence.
Page 96 - And are not the sun and fixed stars great earths vehemently hot, whose heat is conserved by the greatness of the bodies, and the mutual action and reaction between them, and the light which they emit...