Internal Combustion Engineering: Science & TechnologyJohn H. Weaving Sir Diarmuid Downs, CBE, FEng, FRS Engineering is about designing and making marketable artefacts. The element of design is what principally distinguishes engineering from science. The engineer is a creator. He brings together knowledge and experience from a variety of sources to serve his ends, producing goods of value to the individual and to the community. An important source of information on which the engineer draws is the work of the scientist or the scientifically minded engineer. The pure scientist is concerned with knowledge for its own sake and receives his greatest satisfaction if his experimental observations fit into an aesthetically satisfying theory. The applied scientist or engineer is also concerned with theory, but as a means to an end. He tries to devise a theory which will encompass the known experimental facts, both because an all embracing theory somehow serves as an extra validation of the facts and because the theory provides us with new leads to further fruitful experimental investigation. I have laboured these perhaps rather obvious points because they are well exemplified in this present book. The first internal combustion engines, produced just over one hundred years ago, were very simple, the design being based on very limited experimental information. The current engines are extremely complex and, while the basic design of cylinder, piston, connecting rod and crankshaft has changed but little, the overall performance in respect of specific power, fuel economy, pollution, noise and cost has been absolutely transformed. |
Contents
Applied Research into Combustion in Small Diesel | 33 |
Crankcase Compression Type | 65 |
The Blowdown and Uniflow | 103 |
Copyright | |
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BMEP burning velocity burnt-gas calculated carburettor coefficient combustion chamber compressor concentration crank angle Crank angle degrees cycle cylinder density developed diameter diesel engine diesel spray diffusion droplet effect emissions energy engine speed Engrs equations exhaust gas exhaust manifold exhaust pipe exhaust system experimental flame front fluid frequency fuel ratio function geometry heat transfer hot-wire anemometry ignition delay increase injection inlet manifold inlet valve Instn Mech intake internal combustion engine laser load mass flow mean measured method of characteristics mixture nozzle oxide parameters particles performance piston port predictions pressure ratio pulse converter radial Rayleigh scattering reaction reciprocating engines rotor SAE paper scavenging Section shown in Fig simulation soot spark-ignition steady flow stratified charge engine swirl techniques temperature throttle torque tuning turbine turbocharger two-stroke engines unsteady variation volume volumetric efficiency wave zone