Thermodynamics |
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Common terms and phrases
absolute zero adiabatic line amount of heat boiler calorimeter Carnot's change of temperature change of volume Chapter coefficient cold body complete cycle compressed condenser constant pressure constant temperature constant volume cooling curve cylinder density dynamical equivalent efficiency equal equation expansion experiments external Fahrenheit force friction gases Gay-Lussac's laws gramme of water heat given heat produced heat taken heat with constant heat-engine Hence hot body increase of volume Joule kinetic energy latent heat liquid machine measured melting ice mercury molecules motion moves passes perature perfect gas piston Q₁ quantity of heat radiant heat radiation raise the temperature ratio receiver refrigerator regenerator represented reversible engine source of heat space specific heat standard substance steam substance suppose surface t₂ t₂-t₁ temperature of melting thermal equilibrium thermometer tube ture unit of heat unit of mass unit of volume vapour velocity vessel W₁ weight zero
Popular passages
Page 143 - It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects.
Page 74 - That the quantity of heat produced by the friction of bodies, whether solid or liquid, is always proportional to the quantity of force expended.
Page vi - Series, the attempt will be made in all cases to bring out the educational value which properly belongs to the study of any branch of Science, by not merely treating of its acquired results, but by explaining as fully as possible the nature of the methods of inquiry and reasoning by which these results have been obtained. Consequently, although the treatment of each subject will be strictly elementary, the fundamental facts will be stated and discussed with the fulness needed to place their scientific...
Page 3 - The work is measured by the product of the force and the distance through which the point of application is moved in the direction of the force.
Page 145 - The temperatures of two bodies are proportional to the quantities of heat respectively taken in and given out in localities at one temperature and at the other, respectively, by a material system subjected to a complete cycle of perfectly reversible thermodynamic operations, and not allowed to part with or take in heat at any other temperature: or, the absolute values of two temperatures are to one another in the proportion of the heat taken in to the heat rejected in a perfect thermo-dynamic engine...
Page 23 - In our demonstrations we tacitly assume that after a body has experienced a certain number of transformations, if it be brought identically to its primitive physical state as to density, temperature, and molecular constitution, it must contain the same quantity of heat as that which it initially possessed...
Page 143 - If an engine be such that, when it is worked backwards, the physical and mechanical agencies in every part of its motions are all reversed, it produces as much mechanical effect as can be produced by any thermodynamic engine, with the same temperatures of source and refrigerator, from a given quantity of heat.
Page v - NOTWITHSTANDING the large number of scientific works which have been published within the last few years, it is very generally acknowledged by those who are practically engaged in Education, whether as Teachers or as Examiners, that there is still a want of Books adapted for school purposes upon several important branches of Science.
Page vi - ... way that it may serve as a basis for more advanced study. In conformity with the special object of the SERIES, the attempt will be made in all cases to bring out the educational value which properly belongs to the study of any branch of Science, by not merely treating of its acquired results, but by explaining as fully as possible the nature of the methods of inquiry and reasoning by which these results have been obtained. Consequently, although the treatment of each subject will...
Page 87 - The whole theory of the motive power of heat is founded on the two following propositions, due respectively to Joule, and to Carnot and Clausius. PROP. I. (Joule). — When equal quantities of mechanical effect are produced by any means whatever from purely thermal sources, or lost in purely thermal effects, equal quantities of heat are put out of existence or are generated.