Industry and Trade; a Study of Industrial Technique and Business Organization; and of Their Influences on the Conditions of Various Classes and NationsMacmillan and Company, limited, 1927 - 874 pages |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
advantage aggregate agriculture American artisans banks Britain British capital capitalist causes character chief classes considerable cooperative cost demand developed direct districts districts of England duction economic efficiency employer enable energy England English especially expenses exports fact factories faculty favourable force foreign trade France French Germany greater hand important improvements increase industrial leadership industry and trade influence inventions Italy joint stock companies labour Lancashire land large business less machine machinery manu manufacture massive production material mechanical ment methods Middle Ages modern movement nearly needed obtained operations organization particular partly perhaps plant population present profits progress Prussia railways regard relatively retail risks rivals Rochdale Scientific Management Scotland seldom sell ships skill standard steel strength supply task technique tendency textile things tion United Kingdom wages wealth Western World wheat whole Zollverein
Popular passages
Page 630 - That such act or acts be done with the intent of destroying or injuring an industry in the United States, or of preventing the establishment of an industry in the United States, or of restraining or monopolizing any part of trade and commerce in such articles in the United States.
Page 93 - A reference to the reports from abroad will show that in every quarter of the world the perseverance and enterprise of the Germans are making themselves felt. In the actual production of commodities we have now few, if any, advantages over them; and in a knowledge of the markets of the world, a desire to accommodate themselves to local tastes or idiosyncracies, a determination to obtain a footing wherever they can, and a tenacity in maintaining it, they appear to be gaining ground upon us.
Page 52 - is the little farmer to be found who will cover his whole farm with marl at the rate of 100 or 150 tons per acre ? who will drain all his land at the expense of 2/. or 3/. an acre ? who will pay a heavy price for the manure of towns, and convey it. 30 miles by land carriage ? who will float his meadows at the expense of 51.
Page 842 - First : In such investigation said Commission shall ascertain and report in detail as to each piece of property owned or used by said common carrier for its purposes as a common carrier, the original cost to date, the cost of reproduction new, the cost of reproduction less depreciation, and an analysis of the methods by which these several costs are obtained, and the reason for their differences, if any.
Page 777 - The internal competition which takes place, soon does away with everything like monopoly, and by degrees reduces the price of the article to the minimum of a reasonable profit on the capital employed. This accords with the reason of the thing, and with experience.
Page 614 - ... agreement made or act done in the course of export trade by such association, provided such association, agreement, or act is not in restraint of trade within the United States, and is not in restraint of the export trade of any domestic competitor of such association...
Page 777 - When a domestic manufacture has attained to perfection, and has engaged in the prosecution of it a competent number of persons, it invariably becomes cheaper.
Page 378 - They recognize the task before them as that of inducing each workman to use his best endeavors, his hardest work, all his traditional knowledge, his skill, his ingenuity, and his good-will — in a word, his "initiative," so as to yield the largest possible return to his employer.
Page 640 - Could we suddenly double the productive powers of the country, we should double the supply of commodities in every market ; but we should, by the same stroke, double the purchasing power. Everybody would bring a double demand as well as supply: everybody would be able to buy twice as much, because every one would have twice as much to offer in exchange.
Page 182 - Everyone buys, and nearly every producer sells, to some extent in a "general" market, in which he is on about the same footing with others around him. But nearly everyone has also some "particular" markets; that is, some people or groups of people with whom he is in somewhat close touch: mutual knowledge and trust lead him to approach them, and them to approach him, in preference to strangers.