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7. If a load of wood is 12 ft. long and 3 ft. wide, how high must it be to make a cord? Ans. 35 ft. high.

8. The gray limestone of Central New York weighs 175 pounds a cubic foot. What is the weight of 1 solid yard? Ans. 2 T. 7 cwt. 25 lb. 9. A cellar wall, 32 ft. by 24 ft., is 6 ft. high and 11⁄2 ft. thick. What did it cost at $1.25 a perch?

Ans. $50.909 +.

10. My sleeping-room is 10 ft. long, 9 ft. wide, and 8 ft. high. If I breathe 10 cu. ft. of air in one minute, in how long a time will I breathe as much air as the room contains? Ans. 72 min.

11. In a school-room 30 ft. long, 20 ft. wide, and 10 ft. high, with 50 persons breathing each 10 cu. ft. of air in one minute, in how long a time will they breathe as much as the room contains? Ans. 12 min.

12. How many steres are there in a pile of wood 20 m. long, 1.25 m. wide, and 4 m. high?

13. How many cords of wood are there in 10 steres?

MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

STANDARD OF CAPACITY.

203. The United States standard unit of liquid measure is the old English wine gallon, or 231 cubic inches, which is equal to 8.33888 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density: that is, at the temperature of 39.830 F., the barometer being at

30 inches.

The standard unit of dry measure is the British Winchester bushel, which is 18 inches in diameter, and 8 inches deep, and contains 2150.42 cu. in. A gallon dry measure contains 268.8 cu. in.

LIQUID MEASURE.

204. Liquid Measure, also called Wine Measure, is used in measuring liquids; as liquors, molasses, water, etc.

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2. The tierce, hogshead, pipe, butt, and tun are the names of casks, and do not express any fixed or definite measures. They are usually gauged, and have their capacities in gallons marked on them.

3. Ale or beer measure, formerly used in measuring beer, ale, and milk, is almost entirely discarded.

DRY MEASURE.

205. Dry Measure is used in measuring articles not liquid; as grain, fruit, salt, roots, ashes, etc.

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1. In England, 8 bu. of 70 lb. each are called a quarter, used in measuring grain. The weight of the English quarter is of a long ton.

2. In measuring grain, seeds, berries, etc., measure must be even full or stricken. 3. In measuring coal, corn in ear, large fruits, vegetables, etc., the measure should be heaped at least six inches. A bushel heaped measure contains 2747.7167 cu. in., or 597.2967 more than a bushel stricken measure. 5 pk. stricken measure equal about a heaped bushel.

4. The liquid (wine) and dry measures of the same denomination are of different capacities. The relative size of each may be seen by the following table:

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The beer gallon of 282 inches is retained in use only by custom.

METRIC CAPACITY.

206. The Liter is the unit of Capacity; it is legal at 1.0567 qt. liquid measure, and .9081 qt. dry

measure.

It is a vessel whose volume is equal to a cube whose edge is of a meter.

TABLE.

10 Milliliters, ml. = 1 Centiliter
10 Centiliters, cl. = 1 Deciliter
10 Deciliters, dl. = 1 Liter,
10 Liters, 1.

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= 1 Dekaliter = 9.08 qt.

10 Dekaliters, Dl. = 1 Hektoliter = 2.8375 bu.

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The measures commonly used are the liter and hektoliter. The liter is very nearly a quart; it is used in measuring milk, wine, etc., in moderate quantities. The hektoliter is about 2 bu. 3 pk.; it is used in measuring grain, fruit, roots, etc., in large quantities.

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*The number of lb. in a bu. varies in different states. The above are the equivalents in most states.

EXAMPLES.

1. In 2 hhd. 1 bar. 30 gal. 2

2. In 6023 gi. how many

qt. 1 pt. 3 gi. how many gills? hogsheads?

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3. Reduce 3 hogsheads to gills.

4. Reduce 6048 gills to hogsheads.

5. In 13 hhd. 15 gal. 1 qt. how many pints are there? 6. In 6674 pints how many hogsheads are there? 7. What will be the cost of a hogshead of alcohol, at 6 cents a gill? Ans. $120.96.

8. A grocer bought 10 barrels of cider, at. $2 a barrel; after converting it into vinegar, he retailed it all at 5 cents a quart. What was his whole gain?

Ans. $43.

9. At 6 cents a pint, how much molasses can be bought for $3.84?

Ans. 8 gal.

10. How many demijohns, that will contain 2 gal. 2 qt. 1 pt. each, can be filled from a hogshead? Ans. 24. 11. What is the price of a deciliter of cordial, if a liter costs $5?

12. How many hektoliters are there in 500 liters ? 13. In 3199 pt. how many bushels are there?

14. Reduce 1 bu. 1 pk. 1 qt. 1 pt. to pints.

15. Reduce 83 pints to bushels.

16. An innkeeper bought a load of 50 bushels of oats at 65 cents a bushel, and retailed them at 25 cents a peck. How much did he make on the load? Ans. $17.50.

17. At $4 a hektoliter, what is the value of 4 liters of apples?

18. A fruit dealer bought a bushel of strawberries, dry measure, and sold them by liquid measure. How many quarts did he gain?

19. A grocer bought 40 quarts of ure, and sold it by liquid measure. did he gain?

Ans. 51 quarts. milk by beer measHow many quarts

Ans. 854 quarts.

20. A bushel, or 32 quarts, dry measure, contains how many more cubic inches than 32 quarts wine measure? Ans. 302 cu. in.

21. If a man buys 10 bushels of chestnuts at $5 per bushel, dry measure, and sells the same at 22 cents per quart, liquid measure, how much is his gain?

Ans. $31.92.

207. Units of the Common System may be readily changed to units of the Metric System by the aid of the following table:

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