Professional Papers, Issue 29U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912 |
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Common terms and phrases
abatis angle artillery azimuth balks beam block bolts bottom braces brake bridge cables called camouflet chevaux de frise chord clinometer clove hitch construction contour contour interval corresponding cover cross curve diam Diff direction distance ditch earth edge elevation engine equal explosive factor of safety feet fire frame frog front fuse gabion gallery give grade gradient ground half hitch holes horizontal inches lashed length less load material method middle mile military mules necessary pack parapet pieces placed planks position protractor rail railroad rear reef knot road rope scale screws sheeting shown in fig side sill slope span spikes square station stream subchord superior slope surface tamping tangent thickness timbers track train train pipe transom trench trestle truss usually valve vernier vertical weight width wire yards
Popular passages
Page 89 - The logarithm of a number is the exponent of the power to which it is necessary to raise a fixed number, in order to produce the first number.
Page 50 - Location, elevation, and area; sanitary features, such as drainage, dryness, and general character of top soil; proximity of swampy ground or stagnant ponds. Communications.— Sufficiency of existing roads and paths, maximum grades, probable condition under heavy traffic and in bad weather, location and kind of materials available for improvement or repair, railroad or water communication and terminal facilities of same.
Page 49 - Inundations. — Places suitable for inundations by damming or obstructing a narrow bridge span, or by cutting a levee or dike. Note raised roads on ground liable to natural or artificial inundations and the safest route to follow by known landmarks when the road is overflowed. An extensive inundation 2 ft.
Page 361 - When the relief of the trench is too great for a man to fire standing or when the height of the parapet is more than 1 foot above the level of the ground, notches may be made in the parapet.
Page 164 - Mich (fig. 50), used for hauling and lifting spars. it can easily be loosed when the strain is taken off, but will not slip under a pull. When used for hauling spars, a half hitch is added near the end of the spar (fig.
Page 361 - The extra height of parapet may be 12 to 18 inches and the loopholes may be 3 to 3i feet center to center. Head cover is of limited utility. it increases the visibility of the parapet and restricts the field of fire. At close range the loopholes serve as aiming points to steady the enemy's fire and may do more harm than good at longer ranges. This is especially the case if the enemy can see any light through the loophole. He waits for the light to be obscured, when he fires, knowing there is a man's...
Page 51 - Been and reached by artillery fire ; the points beyond rifle range covered by such fire and Its relative command of adverse artillery positions should be shown or described. If possible, similar information should be obtained of the ground likely to be occupied by the enemy, in forming for attack or In taking up a counter position.
Page 179 - B must be firm, horizontal if possible, and at right angles to the axis of the bridge. In a masonry pier they may be cut out. In firm soil a simple trench will suffice. In yielding soil a plank or sill must be laid in the trench. The frames are made of such length as to give a slight camber to the bridge, which may be increased to allow for probable settlement of the footings.
Page 398 - Precautions. — In sinking shafts especial care must be taken to make the excavation no larger than is required for placing the lining, since if a vacant space is left outside the lining the sides of the shaft may give...
Page 171 - ... unlay the strands of each rope for a convenient length. Bring the rope ends together so that each strand of one rope lies between the two consecutive strands of the other rope. Draw the strands of the first rope along the second and grasp with one hand. Then work a free strand of the second rope over the nearest strand of the first rope and under the second strand, working in a direction opposite to the twist of the rope.