First Principles of the Differential and Integral Calculus, Or, the Doctrines of Fluxions: Intended as an Introduction to the Physico-mathematical Sciences |
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abscisses algebraical angle application axis base becomes binomial branches calculation called circle coefficients common consequently considered constant contains curve d x dy deduce denominator determine difference differential divided draw easily element equal equal to zero equation evident example exponent expression factors fraction function given gives greater greatest half increasing indicated infinitely small integral known latitude less logarithm manner means method multiplied observe obtain ordinates parallel perpendicular positive preceding progression proposed quantity question radius ratio reduced regard represent result rule segment sides similar simple sine solidity space square straight line substituting suppose surface tang tangent third tion triangle variable whence wherefore whole wish x d x
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Page 180 - Now, since the areas of similar polygons are to each other as the squares of their homologous sides (B.
Page 7 - It contains the rules necessary to calculate quantities of any definite magnitude whatever. But quantities are sometimes considered as varying in magnitude, or as having arrived at a given state of magnitude by successive variations. This gives rise to the higher analysis, which is of the greatest use in the physico-mathematical sciences. Two objects are here proposed : First, to descend from quantities to their elements. The method of effecting this is called the differential calculus.
Page 3 - The area of a regular polygon is equal to the product of its perimeter, by half of the perpendicular let fall from the centre upon one of the sides.
Page 5 - But the sum of the terms of such a progression is found by multiplying the sum of the first and last terms by half the number of terms.
Page 181 - Though few things more ingenious than this method have been devised, and though nothing could be more conclusive than the demonstrations resulting from it, yet it laboured under two very considerable defects. In the first place, the process by which the demonstration was obtained was long and difficult; and, in the second place, it was indirect, giving no insight into the principle on which...
Page 3 - If two lines are drawn through the same point across a circle, the products of the two distances on each line from this point to the circumference are equal to each other.
Page 72 - RB\]r, and therefore d± 1 ds ~R' ie the curvature of a circle is measured by the reciprocal of its radius. Hence, if p be the radius of the circle which has the same curvature as the given curve at the point P, we have A circle of this radius, having the same tangent at P, and its concavity turned the same way, as in the given curve, is called the 'circle of curvature,' its radius is called the 'radius of curvature,' and its centre the 'centre of curvature.
Page 53 - From the point D, with a radius equal to AB, describe an arc ; and from the point B as a centre, with a radius equal to AD, describe another arc cutting the former in the point C. Draw the straight lines CD, CB; and the parallelogram ABCD will be the one required.