The Elements of Civil Engineering: Prepared for Students of the International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, Pa. ..., Volume 3Colliery engineer Company, 1899 - Civil engineering |
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Common terms and phrases
abutments ballast batter beam bearing bolts borrow pits braces bridge caisson caps center line central angle cents per cubic chains chord cofferdam contour contour lines contractor corner cost course cross-section cubic yard culvert depth diameter dimensions direction distance ditches drills driven elevation embankment engineer equal excavation factor of safety fastened foot formula foundation frog gauge given grade guard-rails head height hole horizontal inches intersection joints laid latitudes and departures magnetic bearing main track marked masonry material measured meridian mile mortise and tenon notched parallel piles placed plat plumb-bob posts radius railroad right angles road rock scale shown in Fig side sills slope spikes square stakes station stone stringers surface survey switch switch rods thickness timber tion township trestle triangle tunnel turnout curve vertical wall wheel width yellow pine