Irregularities of the Teeth and Their Treatment |
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absorption alveolar arch alveolar process alveoli angle anterior column apparatus appliance arms arrested development articulation attached causes central incisors condition crowded crowns cusp cuspid Deaf deciduous deciduous teeth deformity dental arch dentist diameter drilled eruption extraction force form of irregularity forward movement frequently fulcrum gold greater hole idiocy idiots inch inferior maxilla jaws and teeth lateral arch left side lever ligatures lingual lower incisors lower jaw mastication maxillary bones median line mesial mouth moved normal observed occlusion operation ossification oxyphosphate of zinc palate patient permanent molar permanent teeth platinum position posterior column pressure produce proper protrusion regulating removed resistance result retaining roots rotation rubber plate saddle-shaped arch screw second bicuspid shape shown in Fig shows sockets soldered space spring stone superior maxilla supernumerary supernumerary teeth temporary teeth tion tissue tooth upper jaw V-shaped arch vulcanite vulcanite plate wedge wire
Popular passages
Page 88 - Brown and founded the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiots and Feeble-Minded Persons.
Page 44 - ... physique. Thus, so far as the jaws and teeth are concerned, they may exist in each parent in perfect symmetry, — in one parent the jaws and teeth are large, in the other parent both jaws and teeth are small ; but each in its way is a normal development. If, now (and for which we can give no reason), the small jaw of one parent and the large teeth of the other...
Page 251 - ... side of the jaw is justifiable. The retention of every tooth in the mouth is not necessary to the efficiency of the masticating apparatus, is not required to maintain the contour of the jaw, and the loss of certain teeth produces no visible external effect. The articulation of masticating organs is of more importance than their number, and a limited number of grinding teeth fitting closely upon occlusion will be of greater benefit to the individual than a mouthful of teeth with the articulation...
Page 19 - ... of the upper jaw to a considerable extent over the under ; and the other by that of the under beyond the upper. Generally speaking, both cases arise from an arrest of development in the jaw where expansion of the arch is deficient. The projecting upper jaw, however, as I have already stated, is very often the result of a habit of sucking the tongue or finger in infancy. It would be impossible, within my present limits, to appeal largely to history in support of all these facts and hypothetical...
Page 98 - ... generations. in fragility. Overbred animals have little stamina: they resemble in this respect the "weedy" colts so often reared from first-class racers. One can perhaps see in a general way why this should be so. Each individual is the outcome of a vast number of organic elements of the most various species. just as some nation might be the outcome of a vast number of castes of individuals. each caste monopolising a special pursuit. Banish a number of the humbler castes — the bakers. the bricklayers....
Page 90 - ... the disparity being greater in the male than in the female sex. It appears that the relative rate of growth of the two sexes of idiot children follows the same rule as that of normal children, and is subject to the same variations at the age of puberty, for two years preceding which the growth of girls is in excess of that of boys.
Page 87 - Baron Percy, a French military surgeon, observed that out of ninety-two children whose mothers had been exposed to the terrors of a tremendous cannonade at the siege of Landau in 1793, sixteen died at the instant of birth ; thirty-three languished from eight to ten months and then died; eight became idiotic, and died before the age of five years ; and two came into the world with numerous fractures of the bones of the limbs.
Page 98 - ... feel that his character is alien to theirs. Exiles are also on the whole men of considerable force of character ; a quiet man would endure and succumb, he would not have energy to transplant himself or to become so conspicuous as to be an object of general attack. We may justly infer from this, that exiles are on the whole men of exceptional and energetic natures, and it is especially from such men as these that new strains of race are likely to proceed.
Page 84 - There were born unto them ninety-five children, of whom forty-four were idiotic, twelve others were scrofulous and puny, one was deaf, and one was a dwarf! In some cases, all the children were either idiotic, or very scrofulous and puny. In one family of eight children, five were idiotic.
Page 50 - ... are, conditions of life and heredity. In phenomena of this kind, conditions of life act as the supreme ruler. If they vary, they become modifying agents; if they remain constant, agents of stabilisation. In both cases their result is to harmonize organisms with the conditions of their existence. Heredity, which is essentially a preserving agent, becomes an agent of variation, when it transmits and accumulates the modifying actions of the conditions of life.