A History and Philosophy of Fluid Mechanics

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Courier Corporation, Jan 1, 1994 - Technology & Engineering - 241 pages

Through the centuries, the intricacies of fluid mechanics — the study of the laws of motion and fluids in motion — have occupied many of history's greatest minds. In this pioneering account, a distinguished aeronautical scientist presents a history of fluid mechanics focusing on the achievements of the pioneering scientists and thinkers whose inspirations and experiments lay behind the evolution of such disparate devices as irrigation lifts, ocean liners, windmills, fireworks and spacecraft.
The author first presents the basics of fluid mechanics, then explores the advances made through the work of such gifted thinkers as Plato, Aristotle, da Vinci, Galileo, Pascal, Newton, Bernoulli, Euler, Lagrange, Ernst Mach and other scientists of the 20th century. Especially important for its illuminating comparison of the development of fluid mechanics in the former Soviet Union with that in the West, the book concludes with studies of transsonic compressibility and aerodynamics, supersonic fluid mechanics, hypersonic gas dynamics and the universal matter-energy continuity.
Professor G. A. Tokaty has headed the prestigious Aeronautical Research Laboratory at the Zhukovsky Academy of Aeronautics in Moscow, and has taught at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is Emeritus Professor of Aeronautics and Space Technology, The City University, London. 161 illustrations. Preface.

 

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Contents

Basic definitions
1
Fluids and life
3
Water and air
5
The first uses of fluids
8
Mythology and fluids
12
Plato and fluids
14
Aristotle and the science of fluids
17
The birth of fluidstatics
21
Hermann von Helmholtz 182194 and others
109
Osborne Reynolds 18421912
114
Mikhail Lomonossov 171165 and others
120
The Russian School of scientific thought
124
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 18571935
127
Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky 18471921
131
Frederick Lanchester 18781946 and others
134
The PrandtlLanchester Lifting Line Theory
138

Hero of Alexandria
26
Through the Dark Ages to the Renaissance
30
General remarks about Leonardo da Vinci
33
Leonardo da Vincis original works on fluids
36
Leonardos fluidmechanics
42
Simon Stevin 15481620
49
Galileo Galilei 15651642
52
Evangelista Torricelli 160847 and Otto von Guericke 160286
56
Blaise Pascal 162362
59
Sir Isaac Newton 16421727
64
Daniel Bernoulli 170082
70
Leonhard Euler 170783
73
Louis de Lagrange 17361813
78
Jean le Rond dAlembert 171783
80
Chevalier de Borda 173399 and others
82
Chezy Du Buat Coulon Hagen Poiseuille and Girard
86
Claude Louis M H Navier 17851836
88
The birth of experimental fluidmechanics
91
Benjamin Robins 170751 and Leonhard Euler
96
Lazare Carnot 17531823 Pierre Simon de Laplace 17491827 and others
101
Augustin Louis Cauchy 17891857 and others
106
Flettners rudders
141
Flettners rotorship
147
Flettners rotor windmill
153
Autorotating bodies
155
Riabouchinsky Mallock Benard von Karman
166
William Froude 181079 and others
169
Turbulent boundary layer and flow separation
174
Methods of delaying flow separation
176
Airscrews
180
The inner structure of fluids
187
The velocity of sound
191
Ernst Mach 18381916 and others
193
The ChaplyginKhristianovich method
198
The drag wall
204
Transsonic compressibility effects on lift
211
Further notes on transsonic aerodynamics
216
superfluidity
220
Hypersonic gasdynamics
225
The universal matterenergy continuity
230
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