Mechanics, hydrostatics and pneumaticsD. Appleton, 1881 - Physics |
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Common terms and phrases
air-pump amount apparatus applied Archimedes atmospheric pressure axis barometer beam body bottom Boyle's law called capillary carbonic acid centre of gravity centre of mass centrifugal force cistern compressed consequence corresponding cubic cubic centimetre curve cycloid cylinder denote density depression descend diameter difference of level diminishes direction distance divisions earth effect employed equator equilibrium example exerted experiment fact fall force of gravity formula free surface gases given grammes hydrometer immersed inch increases inertia instrument intensity of gravity latter length lever liquid liquid displaced litre machine manometer measured metre millimetres motion move observed obtained oscillation parallel particles perpendicular phenomena physical piezometer piston plane point of application position pressure equal principle produce proportional pump pump-barrel reservoir resultant rotation scale simple pendulum solid space traversed specific gravity suppose suspended temperature thread tion tube upward pressure velocity vertical vessel vibration volume weight zero
Popular passages
Page 218 - The resistance which is opposed to a pump rod in raising water, is ~equal to the weight of a column of water whose base is the area of the piston, and...
Page 92 - If a vessel full of water, closed on all sides, has two openings, the one a hundred times as large as the other, and if each be supplied with a piston which fits exactly, a man pushing the small piston will exert a force which will equilibrate that of a hundred men pushing the Fig. 49.—Pascal's Principle. piston which is a hundred times as large, and will overcome that of ninety-nine.
Page 19 - The measure of the work done by a force is the product of the force and the distance through which it moves its point of application in the direction of the force.
Page 50 - The velocity of 1 500 feet per second is about that of a cannon-ball on leaving the muzzle of the gun. We see that it would be obtained by falling from a height of about 65 miles.
Page 105 - Every body immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight equal to the weight of the liquid displaced...
Page 171 - ... branch, having divisions which correspond to parts of equal volume. The graduation of both scales begins from the same horizontal line through 0, 0. Mercury is first poured in at the extremity of the long branch, and by inclining the apparatus to either side, and cautiously adding more of the liquid if required, the mercury can be made to stand at the same level in both branches, and at the zero of both scales. Thus we have, in the short branch, a quantity of air separated from the external air,...
Page 56 - Pendulum. — When a body is suspended so that it can turn about a horizontal axis which does not pass through its centre of gravity, its only position of stable equilibrium is that in which its centre of gravity is in the same vertical plane with the axis and below it (§ 42). If the body be turned into any other position, and left to itself, it will oscillate from one side to the other of the position of equilibrium, until the resistance of the air and the friction of the axis gradually bring it...
Page 71 - ... isochronous. To obtain strictly isochronous vibrations we must substitute for the circular arc a curve which possesses the property of having an inclination whose sine is simply proportional to distance measured along the curve from the lowest point. The curve which possesses this property is the cycloid. It is the curve which is traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls along a straight line. The cycloidal pendulum is constructed by suspending an ivory ball or some other...
Page 111 - CD the distance to which the depression extends, and AB the corresponding portion of any horizontal layer; since : . . the pressure at each of the points of AB must be . the same as in the other parts of the layer, the liquid acts in exactly the same way as if M did not exist, and the cavity were filled by the liquid itself. We may thus say in this case also that the weight of the floating body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced, understanding by these words the liquid which would occupy...
Page 93 - ... a vessel full of water is a new principle of mechanics, and a new machine for the multiplication of force to any required degree, since one man will by this means be able to raise any given weight.