37. In the West Indies 120 barrels of limes were obtained from an acre of land. Each barrel yielded 8 gallons of juice, and each gallon of juice yielded of a pint of concentrated juice. How many gallons of concentrated juice were obtained. from an acre of land?

Foreign Money

234. Canada has a decimal currency, the table being the same as that for United States money.

235. The unit of English or sterling money is the pound, or sovereign.

The system is not a decimal system.

Farthings (not coined) are usually written as fractions of a penny.
The sign £ precedes the number of pounds.

236. The unit of French money is the franc.

The system is a decimal system.

100 centimes (c.) = 1 franc (fr.)

Centimes is pronounced sän'-tēms'.

The monetary unit of Belgium and Switzerland is the same as that of France. The following units are identical in weight and fineness with the franc: the peseta (Spain), the lira (Italy), the drachma (Greece), and the bolivar (Venezuela).

237. The unit of German money is the mark.

100 pfennigs (pf.) = 1 mark (M.)

The German money system is a decimal system.

In estimates we think of the pound as $5, and the franc as 20, and the mark as 25.

7. How many articles costing 6d. each can be bought for £1?

8. A man changed a 5-pound note and 3 half sovereigns for shillings. How many shillings did he receive?

9. How many toys at 60 pf. each can be bought for 12 M.? 10. How many handkerchiefs costing 75c. each can be bought for 1.50 fr.? for 3 fr.? for 7.5 fr.?

Find the cost of the following in the foreign money mentioned; then estimate the cost in United States money:

11. 4 Swiss statuettes purchased in Geneva, at 2.50 fr. each. 12. 30 bouquets purchased in Florence, at 50 centesimi (lira) each.

WRITTEN EXERCISES

240. Find, to the nearest cent, the value of :

10. Find, to the nearest cent, the value of a Bank of England note for £ 500; of a Bank of Naples note for 1000 lire.

11. Reduce £ 24 88. 4d. to United States money.

20 8. 33+

24.4 17

down the 8s., we have 8.33+s. Since 1s. = £ 20,

8.33+s. £

8.33+
20

£.417-.

Bringing down the

£24, we have £24.417-. Then we multiply $4.8665 by 24.417, obtaining $118.83-.

NOTE. When pounds are expressed to the nearest third decimal place, the error is within of £.001, equal to about cent. Hence pounds to the nearest thousandth give United States money to the nearest cent.

$225.50

$4.866546.337+, the number of pounds

.337 x 208. 6.748., and .74 x 12d. 8.88d.

=

Hence, to the nearest penny, $225.50 = £ 46 68. 9d.

NOTE.

To obtain the result correct to the nearest penny, the division

need be carried only to the nearest third decimal place.

Reduce to English money, to the nearest penny:

34. Two dredging machines built in Glasgow for Russia cost £38,000 apiece. Find the cost of both in American money.

35. At 10d. per hour, how much does a British bricklayer earn in 6 days, working 9 hours per day?

36. In a London fruit store I purchased 15 pounds of Baldwin apples @ 3d. and 20 pounds of California Newtons @ 5d. How much change did I receive out of a sovereign?

37. Find the cost of 12 tons of house coal in London at

£1 68. per ton. Find the cost per ton in our money.

38. The cost of bread in some English cities is a penny per pound. How much does a baker receive for 85 1-lb loaves of bread, 42 2-lb. loaves, and 64 11⁄2-lb. loaves?

39. A party of three traveled by train from Bristol to London, 194 miles, at 2d. each per mile. Find the fare for all in English money, and the fare for each in U. S. money.

How

40. A cloth weaver in Germany received 20 pfennigs per hour. He worked 10 hours a day and 6 days a week. much did he earn per week in U. S. money?

41. By some German railways, tea and coffee are sold to employees at 2 pfennigs per cup. If an employee buys 8 cups per week, how much will he expend per year of 52 weeks? 42. The toll on vessels passing through the Suez Canal is 8 francs 50 centimes per ton. How many francs must be paid by

a vessel carrying 3964 tons?

43. The receipts of the Suez Canal Company for tolls, one year, were 103,120,268 francs. Find the receipts in U. S. money.

44. An American tobacco company was fined, in Germany, 5000 marks for violating the laws of competition. Compute the fine in U. S. money.

45. The London Metropolitan Railway cost £500 per yard. A New York street railway cost $214.13 per yard. Find the difference in cost per yard in U. S. money.

46. Great Britain built the New Zealand Government Railway at a cost of £7779 per mile. The length was 2212 miles, Find the cost in sterling money, and in U. S. money.

241.

Area and Volume

The difference in the direction of two lines

that meet is called an angle.

242. A figure that is bounded by four straight lines and has four equal angles is called a rectangle.

The angles of a rectangle are called right angles.

243. A rectangle whose sides are equal is called a square.

ANGLE

RECTANGLE

A square, each of whose sides is one inch, is called a Describe a square foot; a square yard; other square units.

square inch.

244. If each square in this rectangle represents some square unit, each row represents 5 of those units,

and since there are 3 rows, the rectangle contains 3 x 5 square units, or 15 square units.

The number of square units that any surface contains is called its area.

245. If the length and width of a rectangle are expressed in inches, the area is found by multiplying the number of inches in the length by the number of inches in the width and calling the result square inches. If both are in feet, the area is found by multiplying one dimension by the other and calling the result square feet.

This may be stated briefly
be stated briefly as follows:

The area of a rectangle is equal to the product of its length and width, expressed in like units.

For brevity we speak of the product of lines when we mean the product of the numbers that represent them.

A rectangle that is 5 feet long and 3 feet wide, or more briefly 5 ft. by 3 ft., has an area of 15 sq. ft.