Machine design, boilersAmerican School of Correspondence, 1903 - Engineering |
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amount angle babbitt metal Babcock and Wilcox balloon bearing belt bolts butt joint calculation calorimeter carbon cast iron causes cent chimney circular pitch coal combustion construction corrosion cotter curve cylinder designed diametral pitch dimensions engine equal evaporation explosion factor of safety feed water fire fire-box flange flue flying-machine formula friction fuel furnace Fusible plugs gage grate groove heating surface holes horse-power hot gases inches in diameter journal lap joint length lever load machine marine boilers metal method motion multitubular placed plates pounds per square prevent pulley punch revolutions per minute rivets rope safety valve screw shaft shearing shell shown in Fig shows side square inch stays steam pressure steam space steel stress taper temperature tensile strength thickness thread transmitted usually velocity vertical water level water tube water-tube boilers weight worm wrought iron
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Page 89 - ... calculation of the results of the test corrected accordingly. Wherever possible, the test should be made with standard coal of a known quality. For that portion of the country east of the Alleghany Mountains, good anthracite egg coal or Cumberland semibituminous coal may be taken as the standard for making tests. West of the Alleghany Mountains and east of the Missouri River, Pittsburg lump coal may be used.
Page 91 - The ash-pits should be thoroughly cleaned at once after starting. Before the end of the test the fires should be burned low, just as before the start, and the fires cleaned in such a manner as to leave the same amount of fire, and in the same condition, on the grates as at the start. The water-level and steam-pressure should be brought to the same point as at the start.
Page 89 - Before beginning a test, the boiler and chimney should be thoroughly heated to their usual working temperature. If the boiler is new, it should be in continuous use at least a week before testing, so as to dry the mortar thoroughly and heat the walls.
Page 91 - Keep the Conditions Uniform. — The boiler should be run continuously, without stopping for meal-times or for rise or fall of pressure of steam due to change of demand for steam. The draught being adjusted to the rate of evaporation or combustion desired before the test is begun, it should be retained constant during the test by means of the damper. If the boiler is not connected to the same steam pipe with other boilers, an extra outlet for steam with valve in same should...
Page 93 - ... for purposes of scientific research, in which the determination of all the variables entering into the test is desired certain observations should be made which are in general unnecessary for ordinary tests. These are the measurement of the air supply, the determination of its contained moisture, the determination of the amount of heat lost by radiation, of the amount of infiltration of air through the setting, and (by condensation of all the steam made by the boiler) of the total heat imparted...
Page 9 - ... the king of birds from his apathy. He partly opens his enormous wings, but stirs not yet from his station. On gaining a few feet more he begins to walk away with half expanded but motionless wings.
Page 1 - Cold water should never be fed into any boiler when it can be avoided, but when necessary it should be caused to mix with the heated water before coming in contact with any portion of the boiler. 12. Foaming. — When foaming occurs in a boiler, checking the outflow of steam will usually stop it. If caused by dirty ^yate^, blowing down and pumping up will generally cure it.
Page 95 - Percentage of moisture in steam per cent. 25. Number of degrees superheated deg. WATER. 26. Total weight of water pumped into boiler and apparently evaporated Ibs. 27. Water actually evaporated, corrected for quality of steam Ibs.
Page 90 - The water level should be as nearly as possible the same as at the beginning of the test. If it is not the same, a correction should be...
Page 89 - Watermeters, as a rule, should only be used as a check on other measurements. For accurate work, the water should be weighed or measured in a tank. 3. Thermometers and pyrometers for taking temperatures of air, steam, feed-water, waste gases, etc.