SUBTRACTION. 171. From 24 lb. 6 oz. 5 pwt. 12 gr. take 14 lb. 9 oz. and write the remainder, 5 gr., underneath. Since we cannot subtract 10 pwt. from 2 pwt., we add 1 oz. or 20 pwt. to the 5 pwt., and subtract 10 pwt. from the sun, 25 pwt, and write the remainder, 15 pwt., underneath. Having added 20 pwt. or 1 oz. to the minuend, we now add 1 oz. to the 9 oz. in the subtrahend, making 10 oz; but as we cannot take 10 oz. from 6 oz. we add 1 lb, or 12 oz. to the 6 oz. making 18 oz. and subtracting 10 oz. from 18 oz. we write the remainder, 8 oz. under the denomination of ounces. Having added 1 lb. to the minuend, we now add 1 b. to the 14 lb. in the subtrahend, and subtracting 15 lb. from 24 lb. as in simple numbers, we write the remainder, 9 lb. under the denomination of pounds. Hence RULE. I. Write the subtrahend under the minuend so that units of the same denomination shall stand under each other. II. Beginning at the right hand, subtract each denomi nation separately, as in simple numbers. III. If the number of any denomination in the subtrahend exceed that of the same denomination in the minuend, add to the number in the minuend as many units as make one of the next higher denomination, and then subtract; in this case add 1 to the next higher denomination of the subtrakend before subtracting. Proceed in the same mannor nith cach denomination. 15. From 125 mi. 6 fur. take 90 mi. 4 fur. 25 rd. Ans. 35 mi. 1 fur. 15 rd. 16. A man bought 1 hhd. of molasses, and sold 42 gal. Ans. 20 gal. 1 pt. 3 qt. 1 pt.; how much remained? 17. A person bought 9 T. 14 cwt. 3 qr, of coal, and having burned 4 T. 15 cwt. sold the remainder; how much did he sell? Ans. 4 T. 19 cwt. 3 qr. 18. If from a tub of butter containing 1 cwt. 21 lb there be sold 24 lb. 8 oz. how much remains? Ans. 96 lb. 8 oz. 19. From a pile of wood containing 42 Cd. 5 cd ft. there was sold 16 Cd. 6 cd. ft. 12 cu. ft.; how much remained? Ans. 25 Cd. 6 cd. ft. 4 cu. ft. 20. If from a field containing 37 A. 3 R. 26 P. there be taken 14 A. 2 R. 30 P., how much will there be left? 21. A farmer having raised 50 bu. 2 pk. of wheat, kept for his own use 25 bu. 3 pk.; how much did he sell? Ans. 24 bu. 3 pk. 22. The distance from New York to Albany is 150 miles; when a man has traveled 84 mi. 6 fur. 30 rd. of the distance, how much farther has he to travel? Ans. 65 mi. 1 fur. 10 rd. 23. What is the difference in the longitude of two places onc 71° 20′ 26′′, and the other 44° 35′ 58′′ West? Ans. 26° 44′ 28′′. 24. If from a hogshead of molasses 10 gal. 2 qt. be drawn at one time, 9 gal. 3 qt. at another, and 14 gal. at another, how much will remain ? Ans. 28 gal. 3 qt. 85. From a section of land containing 640 acres, there was sold at one time 140 A. 2. R. 36 P., at another time 200 A. 1 R., and at another time 75 A. 28 P.. how much remained? Ans. 223 A. 3. R. 16 P. R. MULTIPLICATION. 172. 1. A farmer has 8 fields, each containing 4 A. 2 how much land in all? 27 P.; OPERATION. A. R. P. 8 37 1 16 ANALYSIS. In 8 fields are 8 times as much land as in 1 field. We write the multiplier under the lowest denomination of the multiplicand, and proceed thus; 8 times 27 P. are 216 P., equal to 5 R. 16 P.; and we write the 16 P. under the number multiplied. Then, 8 times 2 R. are 16 R., and 5 R. added make 21 R., equal to 5 A. 1 R.; and we write the 1 R. under the number multiplied. Again, 8 times 4 A. are 32 A. and 5 A. added make 37 A., which we write under the same denomination in the multiplicand, and the work is done. Hence RULE. I. Write the multiplier under the lowest denomination of the multiplicand. II. Multiply as in simple numbers, and carry as in addition of compound numbers. 6. Multiply 14 A. 2 R. 26 P. by 8. Ans. 117 A. 1 R. 8 P. 7. Multiply 6 yd. 2 ft. 9 in. by 12. Ans. 54lb. 03. 63.10. 10 gr. 9. Multiply 24 bu. 1 pk. 6 qt. by 10. 10. Multiply 9 cu. yd. 15 cu. ft. 520 cu. in. by 5. Ans. 47 cu. yd. 22 cu. ft. 872 cu. in. 11. Multiply £84 12s. 6d. 2 far. by 9. 12. If a pipe discharge 4 hhd. 20 gal. 3 qt. of water in 1 hour, how much will it discharge in 5 hours, at the same rate? Ans. 21 hhd. 40 gal. 3 qt. 13. If a load of coal by the long ton weigh 1 T. 4 cwt. 2 qr. 20 lb. what will be the weight of 6 loads? Ans. 7 T. 8 cwt. 8 lb. 14. If 1 acre of land produce 26 bu. 3 pk. 4 qt. of wheat, how much will 11 acres produce? 15. If a man travel 30 mi. 4 fur. 20 rd. in 1 day, how far will he travel in 9 days, at the same rate? 16. What is the weight of 3 dozen silver dozen weighing 2 lb. 10 oz. 12 pwt. 14 gr.? spoons, each Ans. 8 lb. 7 oz. 17 pwt. 18 gr. 17. If a wood chopper can cut 2 cd. 6 cd. ft. 8 cu. ft. of wood in a day, how many cords can he cut in 10 days? 18. In 20 barrels of potatoes, each containing 2 bu. 3 pk. 6 qt., how many bushels? Ans. 58 bu. 3 pk. 19. A grocer bought 14 barrels of sugar, each weighing 5-cwt. 1 qr. 15 lb.; how much did the whole weigh? 20. If the sun, on an average, change his longitude 59' 9" each day, how much will be the change in 25 days? 21. If 1 qt. 1 pt. 3 gi. of wine fill 1 bottle, how much will be required to fill 3 dozen bottles of the same capacity? * |