Field Engineering: A Handbook of the Theory and Practice of Railway Surveying, Location, and Construction : Designed for the Class-room, Field and Office, and Containing a Large Number of Useful Tables, Original and Selected

Front Cover
John Wiley & sons, Incorporated, 1908 - Railroad engineering - 505 pages
 

Contents

Leveller
13
Rodmen
14
The level
15
The clinometer
16
Transit points
17
Obstacles to alignment and measurement
18
General problem
19
Lines at a large angle
20
CHAPTER III
24
Engine traction
25
Engine expense
26
Resistance to motion
27
Resistance due to curve
28
Formulæ for maximum trains
29
Enginestage
30
Graphical solution
32
Train load reciprocals
33
Assisting engines
36
Maximum return grades
37
Undulating grades
38
Value of distance saved
39
Levellers duties Profiling
40
Establishing grade lines
41
CHAPTER V
42
Radius and degree of curve
43
Measurement of curves
44
Approximate value of R 44
75
SECTION
77
Deflection angles
101
Selection of angles 21
104
Ratio of correction to excess of
107
By offsets from the chords produced
113
By tangent offsets
119
SECTION PAGE 173 To find a new P C C and last radius R for new direction of tangent through same P T
124
Do beginning with any subchord
125
To replace a simple curve by a threecentred compound curve between the same tangent points
127
To find the distance between the middle points of a simple curve and threecentred compound curve
129
To pass an obstacle on a curve
131
The curve sharpened at the tangents
132
To replace a tangent by a curve compounded with the adjacent curves
134
When the perpendicular offset Р is assumed
136
To find a new radius for a parallel tangent
137
Locus of the centre 02
138
To find new tangent points for two parallel tangents
140
When the radius of the middle arc is the least
141
Equation of the valvoid
146
CHAPTER VII
147
Single turnout from straight track in terms of frog angle
148
Single turnout from straight track in terms of frog number
149
Double turnout middle track straight to calculate F
151
To find distance on any line between tangent and curve
152
Double turnout on same side of straight track to calculate the middle frog F
153
Double turnout on same side of straight track with three given frogs
155
The circumscribing circle
158
When the middle track is reversed at F
159
Turnout on the inside of a curved track
161
Turnout on the outside of a curved track
163
R R₂ to find the triangleVAB
164
Tongue switch double turnout to find F
165
Tongue switch double turnout with three given frogs
166
Tongue switch double turnout on same side of straight track with three given frogs
167
b The middle track compounded at F
168
SECTION PAGE 193 To find the reversed curve for parallel siding in terms of F and perpendicular distance p
169
To find the connecting curve from frog to parallel siding on a curve in terms of F and perpendicular distance p
170
a The siding outside of main track
171
To locate a crossing between parallel tracks
172
To locate a reversed curve crossing between straight tracks
173
To locate a reversed curve crossing between curved tracks
174
To find the middle ordinate m for one station in terms of D
175
Simple levelling test levels
185
Errors due to curvature of the earth
186
Errors due to refraction
187
Levelling by transit or theodolite
188
To find the H I by observation of the horizon
189
Stadia measurements horizontal sights
191
Stadia measurements inclined sights vertical rod
193
Stadia measurements inclined sights inclined rod
195
CHAPTER IX
196
Clearing and grubbing
197
Cross sections formulæ for
198
Cross sections staking out
200
Cross sections on irregular ground
201
Compound cross sections
202
Selection of points for cross sections
203
Form of crosssection book
204
Extended cross profiles
205
Isolated masses
206
Officework
207
Drains and culverts
208
Arch culverts
209
Foundation pits Bridge chords on curves
210
Cattleguards
214
Location Alignment Shafts Curves Levels Grades Sections Rate of progress Ventilation Drain age
216
Retracing the line
222
Side ditches and drains
223
CHAPTER X
225
Prismoids Choice of cross sections 22K 255 Formulæ for sectional areas
227
Prismoidal formulæ for solid contents
229
Tables of equivalent depths
231
Formula for equivalent depth in terms of slope angle
232
Conditions necessary for correct results in use of tables
233
Exact calculation of content examples
234
Wedges and pyramids
236
Sidehill sections irregular ground
237
Systems of diagrams
238
Correction for curvature in earthwork
239
105
241
Haul Centre of gravity of prismoid
243
Final estimate
245
Monthly estimates
246
SECTION PAGE
247
The theodolite
253
Geometrical Propositions 271
107
Curve Formulæ 277
one side radius and central angle to find the others 110
Radil Offsets and Ördinates 280
Middle Ordinates for Rails 804
xii
Grades and Grade Angles 805
xiii
Barometric Heights in feet 307
xv
Coefficient of Correction for Atmospheric Temperature 309
xvii
Coefficient for Reducing Stadia Measurements 310
xx
Minutes in Decimals of a Degree 313
xxi
Inches in Decimals of a Foot 814
xxii
Squares Cubes Roots and Reciprocals 315
5
Rocky shores Tielines 22
22
System of plotting map 23
23
Central angle and length of curve 45
45
Definition of other elements 46
46
Formula for long chord C 47
48
Formula for radius in terms of T and A 49
49
Formula for external distance in terms of T and A 50
50
Natural Sines and Cosines 449
Natural Tangents and Cotangents 458
Natural Versed Sines and External Secants 470
2
73
12
Useful Numbers and Formulæ 500
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Page 204 - ... point B. The correction for any other point is proportional to the square of its distance from A or C. Thus the correction at A...
Page 263 - Find in the proper column two consecutive logarithms between which the given logarithm falls. If the title of the given function is found at the top of that column read the degrees from the top of the page; if at the bottom read from the bottom. Find the value of (q...
Page 203 - EC, be two grades in profile, intersecting at station B, and let A and C be the adjacent stations. It is required to join the grades by a vertical curve extending from A to C.
Page 258 - The first two figures of the mantissa are given only in the second column, but these are understood to apply to the remaining four figures in either column following, which are comprised between the same horizontal lines with the two. If a number (after cutting off the ciphers at either end) consists of not more than four figures, the mantissa may be taken direct from the table; but by interpolation the logarithm of a number having six figures may be obtained. The last column contains the average...
Page 261 - ... and in the fourth are the last three figures of a logarithm which is the difference between the log sin and the logarithm of the number of seconds in the first column. The first three figures and the characteristic of this logarithm are placed, once for all, at the head of the column. To find the log sin of an arc less than 2° given to seconds.— Reduce- the given arc to seconds, and take the logarithm of the number of seconds from the table of logarithms, and add to this the logarithm from...
Page 244 - AO just make the fill OB and without charge for haul; but the haul of every cubic yard taken from AC, and carried to the fill BD, is subject to charge for the distance it is carried, less AB. It would be impossible to find the distance that each separate yard is carried, but we know from mechanics that the average distance for the entire number of yards is the distance between the centers of gravity of the cut AC, and of the fill BD which is made from it. If, therefore, X and Y represent the centers...
Page 263 - I), as the case may require, corresponding to the given log (interpolating for the last figure if necessary). Then if q = given log and I = log of number of seconds, n, in the required arc, we have at once I = q — (q — I) or I = (q + I) — q, whence n is easily found.
Page 243 - The extra distance is known by the name of " haul," and is to be computed by the engineer with respect to so much of the material as is affected by it. The contractor is entitled to the benefit of all short hauls (less than the specified limit), and material, so moved should not be averaged against that which is carried beyond the limit. Therefore, in •all cuts the material of which is all deposited within the limiting distance, no calculation of haul is to be made.
Page 260 - With the number of degrees at the left side of the page are to be read the minutes in the left-hand column; with the degrees on the right-hand side are to be read the minutes in the right-hand column. When the degrees appear at the top of the page the top headings must be observed, when at the bottom those at the bottom. Since the values found for arcs in the first quadrant are duplicated in the second, the degrees are given from 0° to 180°. The differences in the logarithms due to a change of...
Page 225 - A prismoitI is a solid having plane parallel bases or ends, and bounded on the sides either by planes, or by such surfaces as may be generated by a right line moving continuously along the edges of the bases as directrices. The...

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