Field Engineering: A Handbook of the Theory and Practice of Railway Surveying, Location, and Construction : Designed for the Class-room, Field and Office, and Containing a Large Number of Useful Tables, Original and Selected |
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Common terms and phrases
A₁ arc AP assume bisecting calculated central angle centre line column compound curve correction Cosin Sine Cosin Cotang Tang Cotang Cube Cube Roots curvature curve joining deflection degree of curve direction elevation embankment engineer equal estimate exsec external distance feet fifth column formula frog given curve Hence horizontal inches instrument intersect joining two tangents KO'a length locate log ex logarithm long chord main line main track mantissa maximum grade measured middle ordinate obtained offset parallel tangent perpendicular point of curve point of tangent prismoid produced R₁ R₂ radius ratio right angles S₁ S₂ side simple curve Sine Cosin Sine station straight subchord subtract surface Table taken Tang Cotang Tang tangent point tion transit point triangle tunnel turnout valvoid vertex vertical
Popular passages
Page 204 - ... point B. The correction for any other point is proportional to the square of its distance from A or C. Thus the correction at A...
Page 263 - Find in the proper column two consecutive logarithms between which the given logarithm falls. If the title of the given function is found at the top of that column read the degrees from the top of the page; if at the bottom read from the bottom. Find the value of (q...
Page 203 - EC, be two grades in profile, intersecting at station B, and let A and C be the adjacent stations. It is required to join the grades by a vertical curve extending from A to C.
Page 258 - The first two figures of the mantissa are given only in the second column, but these are understood to apply to the remaining four figures in either column following, which are comprised between the same horizontal lines with the two. If a number (after cutting off the ciphers at either end) consists of not more than four figures, the mantissa may be taken direct from the table; but by interpolation the logarithm of a number having six figures may be obtained. The last column contains the average...
Page 261 - ... and in the fourth are the last three figures of a logarithm which is the difference between the log sin and the logarithm of the number of seconds in the first column. The first three figures and the characteristic of this logarithm are placed, once for all, at the head of the column. To find the log sin of an arc less than 2° given to seconds.— Reduce- the given arc to seconds, and take the logarithm of the number of seconds from the table of logarithms, and add to this the logarithm from...
Page 244 - AO just make the fill OB and without charge for haul; but the haul of every cubic yard taken from AC, and carried to the fill BD, is subject to charge for the distance it is carried, less AB. It would be impossible to find the distance that each separate yard is carried, but we know from mechanics that the average distance for the entire number of yards is the distance between the centers of gravity of the cut AC, and of the fill BD which is made from it. If, therefore, X and Y represent the centers...
Page 263 - I), as the case may require, corresponding to the given log (interpolating for the last figure if necessary). Then if q = given log and I = log of number of seconds, n, in the required arc, we have at once I = q — (q — I) or I = (q + I) — q, whence n is easily found.
Page 243 - The extra distance is known by the name of " haul," and is to be computed by the engineer with respect to so much of the material as is affected by it. The contractor is entitled to the benefit of all short hauls (less than the specified limit), and material, so moved should not be averaged against that which is carried beyond the limit. Therefore, in •all cuts the material of which is all deposited within the limiting distance, no calculation of haul is to be made.
Page 260 - With the number of degrees at the left side of the page are to be read the minutes in the left-hand column; with the degrees on the right-hand side are to be read the minutes in the right-hand column. When the degrees appear at the top of the page the top headings must be observed, when at the bottom those at the bottom. Since the values found for arcs in the first quadrant are duplicated in the second, the degrees are given from 0° to 180°. The differences in the logarithms due to a change of...
Page 225 - A prismoitI is a solid having plane parallel bases or ends, and bounded on the sides either by planes, or by such surfaces as may be generated by a right line moving continuously along the edges of the bases as directrices. The...