Elements of Inductive Logic |
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Common terms and phrases
analogy analytic antece antecedents application Aristotle ascer ascertained axiom of uniformity body canons causal connection causal relation chance change or event circumstances coexistence conclusion consequent deduction definition derived determined discovery distinct distinguish doctrine duction effect empirical energy enumeration eral evidence example experience explain fact follows force formal given gravity heat hence hypothesis inductive inference Inductive Logic instance intuitive investigation kind knowledge known Laws of Causation laws of motion laws of things laws of thought light logicians major premise marks material mathematics matter ment meration merely method of agreement method of difference Mill mortals nature Newton orbit particular phenomena phenomenon Philosophy physical planets plurality of causes possible principles prior probability produce proof properties proposition Psychology rules says scientific simple observation statement strictly supposition syllogism synthetic things tion tive true ultimate universal universal proposition velocity vera causa Whewell
Popular passages
Page 175 - Lastly, if it universally appears, by experiments and astronomical observations, that all bodies about the earth gravitate towards the earth, and that in proportion to the quantity of matter which they severally contain; that the moon likewise, according to the quantity of its matter, gravitates towards the earth; that, on the other hand, our sea gravitates towards the moon; and all the planets one towards another; and the comets in like manner towards the sun...
Page 31 - Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.
Page 176 - And to us it is enough that gravity does really exist, and act according to the laws which we have explained, and abundantly serves to account for all the motions of the celestial bodies, and of our sea.
Page 166 - Mr. Darwin's remarkable speculation on the Origin of Species is another unimpeachable example of a legitimate hypothesis. What he terms "natural selection" is not only a vera causa, but one proved to be capable of producing effects of the same kind with those which the hypothesis ascribes to it ; the question of possibility is entirely one of degree. It is unreasonable to accuse Mr. Darwin (as has been done) of violating the rules of Induction. The rules of Induction are concerned with the conditions...
Page 31 - To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and directed to contrary pans.
Page 86 - The theory of chances consists in reducing all events of the same kind to a certain number of cases equally possible, that is, such that we are equally undecided as to their existence ; and in determining the number of these cases which are favourable to the event of which the probability is sought.
Page 188 - Pressure exerted anywhere upon a mass of liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions, and acts with the same force on all equal surfaces, and in a direction at right angles to those surfaces.
Page 199 - MAN, as the minister and interpreter of nature, does and understands as much, as his observations on the order of nature, either with regard to things or the mind, permit him, and neither knows nor is capable of more.
Page 32 - ... a mysterious and most powerful tie, such as cannot, or at least does not, exist between any physical fact and that other physical fact on which it is invariably consequent and which is popularly termed its cause: and thence is deduced the supposed necessity of ascending higher into the essences and inherent constitution of things to find the true cause, the cause which is not only followed by, but actually produces, the effect.
Page 32 - The notion of causation is deemed by the schools of metaphysics most in vogue at the present moment to imply a mysterious and most powerful tie, such as cannot, or at least does not, exist between any physical fact and that other physical fact on which it is invariably consequent and which is popularly termed its cause...