Analytic Geometry: With Introductory Chapter on the Calculus

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Contents

Changing from one system of axes to another
33
with the original
34
Area of a triangle in rectangular coördinates
36
Area of any polygon
38
Analytic methods applied to the proofs of geometric theorems
39
CHAPTER III
44
The locus
45
Plotting an equation
46
The imaginary number in analytic geometry
47
Geometric facts from the equation
48
Intercepts
49
Symmetry algebraic properties
50
Extent
51
Composite loci
53
Intersection of two curves
54
Equations of loci
55
Derivation of the equation of a locus
56
CHAPTER IV
59
Lines parallel to the axes
60
Slope intercept form
61
Two point form
62
ᎪᎡᎢ PAGE 58 Normal form
63
Linear equations
65
Comparison of standard forms
66
Distance from a point to a line
68
The bisectors of an angle
70
Systems of straight lines
71
Applications of systems of straight lines to problems
72
Loci through the intersection of two loci
75
Plotting by factoring
77
Straight line in polar coördinates
78
Applications of the straight line
79
CHAPTER V
86
General equation of the circle
87
Equation of a circle satisfying three conditions
88
Systems of circles
92
Locus problems involving circles
94
Equation of a circle in polar coördinates
96
CHAPTER VI
98
Conics
99
The equation of the parabola
100
Shape of the parabola
101
Definitions
102
Equation of parabola when axes are translated
103
Equations of forms y² + Dx + Ey + F 0 and x² + Dx + Ey + F 0
106
The quadratic function ax² + by + c
107
CHAPTER VII
117
Equation of ellipse when axes are translated
123
Equation of ellipse in polar coördinates
129
The equation of the hyperbola
135
Conjugate hyperbolas
141
Equation of hyperbola in polar coördinates
147
CHAPTER IX
154
Suggestions for simplifying second degree equations
157
Parabolic type
158
Hyperbolic type
159
The cissoid of Diocles
160
Other algebraic equations
161
Exponential equations
163
Applications
164
Logarithmic equations
165
The sine curve
167
Periodic functions
168
Period and amplitude of a function
169
The hypocycloid
183
The epicycloid
185
The involute of a circle
186
CHAPTER X
188
148 Experimental data
190
General forms of equations
191
151 The method of least squares
193
aekx
195
Empirical formulas of the type y a + bx + cx² + dx³ + qxn
203
Properties of poles and polars
209
CHAPTER XII
216
Derivatives
222
The derivative of the quotient of two functions
228
Discussion of uses of derivative
235
ART PAGE 185 Curves rising or falling functions increasing or decreasing
236
Maximum and minimum
237
Concavity and point of inflection
239
Relations between increments
242
Differentials
243
The inverse of differentiation
246
Determination of the constant of integration
247
Methods of integrating
248
Trigonometric functions
250
Derivatives of other trigonometric functions
252
sin udu and S cos udu
253
Derivative of logeu
254
Derivative of logau
255
Derivative of u
256
Illustrative examples
257
du น 9
258
CHAPTER XIII
261
Geometrical methods of finding the coördinates of a point in space
263
Coördinates of a point dividing a line segment in the ratio ri to r2
264
Orthogonal projections of line segments
266
Direction cosines of a line
267
Polar coördinates of a point
269
Spherical coördinates
270
Angle between two lines
271
Locus in space
274
Spheres
276
ᎪᎡᎢ PAGE 220 Sections of a surface by planes parallel to the coördinate planes
279
Projections of curves on the coördinate planes
280
Surfaces in space
282
General equation of second degree
284
The hyperboloid of one sheet
285
The hyperboloid of two sheets
287
Elliptic paraboloid
288
Hyperbolic paraboloid
289
Cone
290
Equation of a plane
292
Normal form of the equation of a plane
293
Intercept form of the equation of a plane
294
The equation of a plane determined by three conditions
295
Distance from a point to a plane
296
Two plane equation of a straight line
298
Point direction form of the equation of a straight line symmetrical form
299
Two point form of the equation of a straight line
300
SUMMARY OF FORMULAS
303
FOUR PLACE TABLE OF LOGARITHMS
307
TABLE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
310
ANSWERS
315
INDEX
341
Equations of curves in space 278
343
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Page 228 - The derivative of the product of two functions is equal to the first function times the derivative of the second plus the second times the derivative of the first. (4) The derivative of the quotient of two functions is equal to the denominator times the derivative of the numerator minus the numerator times the derivative of the denominator, all divided by the square of the denominator.
Page 1 - As long as algebra and geometry proceeded along separate paths, their advance was slow and their applications limited. But when these sciences joined company they drew from each other fresh vitality and thenceforward marched on at a rapid pace towards perfection.
Page 95 - Find the locus of a point, the distances of which from two given straight lines have a fixed ratio. 143. Find the locus of a point which moves so that the sum of its distances from two vertices of an equilateral triangle shall equal its distance from the third.
Page 220 - This illustration will serve to introduce the definition of the next section. 476. Limit of a Variable. When the successive values of a variable approach a certain constant number so that the difference between the constant and the variable becomes and remains less than any assigned positive number, however small, then the constant is called the limit of the variable. 477. The statement "x approaches the limit a," where x is a variable and a is a constant, is sometimes written x = a, the symbol =...
Page 228 - The derivative of the product of a constant and a function is equal to the constant times the derivative of the function; that is, if y = cu, ihen dy _ d(cu) du dx dx dx 3.
Page 95 - A point moves so that the sum of the squares of its distances from the points (0, 0), (1, 0) is constant.
Page 134 - The parabola is the locus of a point whose distance from a fixed point, the focus, is always equal to its distance from a fixed line, the directrix.
Page 117 - By definition [§ 69], the ellipse is the locus of a point whose distance from a fixed point, the focus, divided by its distance from a fixed line, the directrix, is a constant e, less than 1. Let F be the focus ,' and SR the directrix. Through F take А' я с A tsFD perpendicular to SR at D. There is a point A between F and D such that FA/AD = e.
Page 83 - Hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that its distance from a fixed point, called the focus, bears a constant ratio, which is greater than unity, to its distance from a fixed straight line, called the directrix.
Page 221 - ... The limit of the sum, or product, of a constant and a variable is the sum, or product, of the constant and the limit of the variable. 3. The limit of the variable sum, or product, of two or more variables is the sum, or product, of their limits. 4. The limit of the variable quotient of two variables is the quotient of their limits, except when the limit of the divisor is zero. 54. Notation. The sign = denotes

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