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Light and Shade: With Chapters on Charcoal, Pencil, and Brush Drawing ... Anson K Cross No preview available - 2015 |
Common terms and phrases
angles appear lighter art student artist background blur glass brush BRUSH DRAWING cast shadow charcoal drawing cone contrasts of light correctly crayon cube curved surface cylinder dark object darker darkest detail different colors edges effects of light ellipse equal eraser fact fixatif foreground Free-Hand Drawing given glitter gradation grades half light high light illustrates India ink isosceles triangle kneaded eraser Leonardo da Vinci light and dark light and shade light surfaces lightest line of light linear perspective local color masses of dark masses of light medium method nature obtain outline drawing painting paper parallelogram pencil Photograph plinth polygon principal produce public schools pupils realize reflected light regular polygon represent satisfactory seen shade drawing shade effects shadow element shadow surface shadows and cast simply sketch sphere straight line stump suggest sunlight teacher tones triangle values vertex vertical washes water-color window
Popular passages
Page 172 - A cylinder of revolution is a cylinder generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one side as an axis.
Page 179 - A sphere is a solid bounded by a curved surface, every point of which is equally distant from a point within called the center.
Page 171 - Circumference or periphery of a circle is its entire bounding line ; or it is a curved line, all points of which are equally distant from a point within called the center.
Page 169 - The angle formed by two radii of the circle which include an arc equal to -g^-Q of the circumference is taken as the unit for measuring angles, and is called a degree. The degree is divided into sixty equal parts called minutes, and the minutes into sixty equal parts called seconds. Degrees, minutes, and seconds are denoted by symbols. Thus 5 degrees, 13 minutes, 12 seconds, is written 5° 13
Page 178 - Ax1s of a regular pyramid is a straight line connecting the vertex and the center of the base. The ALTITUDE of a pyramid is the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the base.
Page 181 - An EQUIANGULAR TRIANGLE is one in which the three angles are equal. The value of each angle is 60°. The BASE is the side on which the triangle is supposed to stand. In an isosceles triangle, the equal sides are called the legs, the other side the base; in other triangles any one of the sides may be called the base. The ALTITUDE is the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the base. Except in the isosceles triangle, there are three altitudes. The vertex of the angle opposite the base is often...
Page 173 - Elevation. A drawing made on a vertical plane by means of projecting lines perpendicular to the plane from the points of the object. The terms elevation, vertical projection, and front view all have the same meaning. Ellipse. A plane figure bounded by a line such that the sum of the distances of any point in it, as c, from two given points e and f, called foci, is equal to a given line, as a b. The point midway between the foci is called the centre.
Page 177 - Polygon. A plane figure bounded by straight lines. An EQUILATERAL POLYGON is one whose sides are all equal. An EQUIANGULAR POLYGON is one whose angles are all equal. A REGULAR POLYGON is one which is equilateral and equiangular. PARALLEL POLYGONS are those whose sides are respectively parallel.
Page 179 - A TRAPEZOID is a quadrilateral which has two sides, I \ A RECTANGLE is a parallelogram whose angles are right angles. A SQUARE is a rectangle whose sides are equal. A RHOMBOID is a parallelogram whose angles are / v oblique angles. ' ' A RHOMBUS is a Rhomboid whose sides are equal. / / The side upon which a parallelogram stands and the opposite side are called respectively its lower and upper bases. Reflected Light. The part of the shadow of any object which is lightened by rays reflected to it from...
Page 181 - Triangle is literally a figure containing three angles. A Scalene Triangle is one in which no two sides are equal. An Isosceles Triangle is one in which, two of the sides are equal.