Fish SwimmingAmong the fishes, a remarkably wide range of biological adaptations to diverse habitats has evolved. As well as living in the conventional habitats of lakes, ponds, rivers, rock pools and the open sea, fish have solved the problems of life in deserts, in the deep sea, in the cold antarctic, and in warm waters of high alkalinity or of low oxygen. Along with these adaptations, we find the most impressive specializations of morphology, physiology and behaviour. For example we can marvel at the high-speed swimming of the marlins, sailfish and warm-blooded tunas, air-breathing in catfish and lung fish, parental care in the mouth-brooding cichlids and viviparity in many sharks and toothcarps. Moreover, fish are of considerable importance to the survival of the human species in the form of nutritious, delicious and diverse food. Rational exploitation and management of our global stocks of fishes must rely upon a detailed and precise insight of their biology. The Chapman & Hall Fish and Fisheries Series aims to present timely volumes reviewing important aspects of fish biology. Most volumes will be of interest to research workers in biology, zoology, ecology and physiology but an additional aim is for the books to be accessible to a wide spectrum of non-specialist readers ranging from undergraduates and postgraduates to those with an intrerest in industrial and commercial aspects of fish and fisheries. |
Contents
1 | 5 |
1 | 12 |
muscles | 23 |
body axis and fins | 40 |
shape skin | 71 |
history and methods | 93 |
swimming movements stride by stride | 113 |
work from muscles | 139 |
exchange of forces between fish | 165 |
The costs of swimming | 185 |
| 227 | |
Author index | 243 |
| 254 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acceleration activity amplitude anal fins angle animals average body and tail body length caudal fin caudal peduncle Chapter collagenous curve cycle decreases distance dorsal and ventral dorsal fin dorsoventral drag energy equation fish swimming flow Flume force function Geerlink head to tail hemitrichia horizontal increases kinematic lateral muscles layer longitudinal Lsą mackerel maximum curvature measured mucus muscle fibres myosepts myotomes pectoral fins pelvic fins phase position power output propulsive radial red fibres red muscle Reproduced with permission rotation saithe sarcomere Sarotherodon niloticus scales septum shark shortening shows side skin skipjack tuna sockeye salmon spines steady swimming stratum compactum stride length surface swimmers swimming direction swimming fish swimming movements swimming speeds tail beat frequency tail blade tail tip teleosts temperature thick thin filaments tilapia trout tuna values velocity vertebral column vertical Videler Wardle wave of curvature white fibres white muscle zebra danio