Field Engineering: A Hand-book of the Theory and Practice of Railway Surveying, Location, and Construction, Designed for the Class-room, Field, and Office, and Containing a Large Number of Useful Tables, Original and Selected

Front Cover
J. Wiley, 1880 - 503 pages
 

Contents

SECTION
12
Leveller
13
Rodmen
14
The level
15
The clinometer
16
Transit points
17
Obstacles to alignment and measurement
18
General problem
19
Lines at a large angle
20
SECTION
24
Choice of routes
55
Resistance due to grade
61
Train load reciprocals
67
Comparison of routes
75
SECTION
77
Establishing grade lines
81
Approximate value of
86
Formula for external distance
93
Formula for tangent distance in terms of E and
98
To define the curve of an old track
99
Deflection angles
101
Rule for deflections
102
Rule for finding direction of tangent at any point
103
Subchords
104
Deflections for subchords
105
Correction for subchords
106
Ratio of correction to excess of
107
Transit work on curves
108
Field notes
109
Central angle in terms of deflections
110
Method by deflections only
111
Four methods
112
By offsets from the chords produced
113
Do beginning with a subchord
114
Formula for subchord offsets approximate
115
By middle ordinates
117
Do beginning with a subchord
118
By tangent offsets
119
Do beginning with a subchord
120
By ordinates from a long chord
121
Do for an even number of stations
122
Do for an odd number of stations
123
Do for an even number of half stations
124
Do beginning with any subchord
125
Erecting perpendiculars without instrument
126
The vertex inaccessible
127
The point of curve inaccessible
128
The vertex and point of curve inaccessible
129
The point of tangent inaccessible
130
To pass an obstacle on a curve 59 59 60 61 61 62 62 64 64 65 66 67 67 69 72 SRRER 69 70 70 71
131
To find the change in R and E for a given change in
132
To find the change in R and T for a given change in
133
To find the change in T and E for a given change in
134
General expression for elementary ratios
135
To find a new point of curve for a parallel tangent
136
To find a new radius for a parallel tangent
137
Locus of the centre 02
138
To find new tangent points for two parallel tangents
139
To replace the middle arc of a threecentred compound by an arc of different radius
140
When the radius of the middle arc is the least
141
To find new radius for a given radial offset
145
CHAPTER VII
147
Single turnout from straight track in terms of frog angle
148
Single turnout from straight track in terms of frog number
149
Double turnout middle track straight to calculate F
151
To find distance on any line between tangent and curve
152
Double turnout on same side of straight track to calculate the middle frog F
153
Double turnout on same side of straight track with three given frogs
155
The circumscribing circle
158
When the middle track is reversed at F
159
Turnout on the inside of a curved track
161
Turnout on the outside of a curved track
163
To locate a crossing between parallel tracks
172
To locate a reversed curve crossing between straight tracks
173
To locate a reversed curve crossing between curved tracks
174
To find the middle ordinate m for one station in terms of D
175
Curving rails To find m₁ in terms of rail and m
176
To find elevation of outer rail on curves
177
To find a chord whose middle ordinate equals the proper eleva tion
179
General remarks on coned wheels
180
CHAPTER VIII
181
Height of instrument H I
182
Rule for backsights and foresights
183
Profiles
184
Simple levelling test levels
185
Errors due to curvature of the earth
186
Errors due to refraction
187
Levelling by transit or theodolite
188
To find the H I by observation of the horizon
189
Stadia measurements horizontal sights
191
Stadia measurements inclined sights vertical rod
193
Stadia measurements inclined sights inclined rod
195
CHAPTER IX
196
Clearing and grubbing
197
Cross sections formulæ for
198
Cross sections staking out
200
Cross sections on irregular ground
201
Compound cross sections
202
Selection of points for cross sections
203
Form of crosssection book
204
Extended cross profiles
205
Isolated masses
206
Officework
207
Drains and culverts
208
Arch culverts
209
Foundation pits Bridge chords on curves
210
Cattleguards
214
Location Alignment Shafts Curves Levels Grades Sections Rate of progress Ventilation Drain age
216
Retracing the line
222
Side ditches and drains
223
CHAPTER X
225
Formulæ for sectional areas
227
Prismoidal formulæ for solid contents
229
Tables of equivalent depths
231
Formula for equivalent depth in terms of slope angle
232
Conditions necessary for correct results in use of tables
233
Exact calculation of content examples
234
Wedges and pyramids
236
Sidehill sections irregular ground
237
Systems of diagrams
238
Correction for curvature in earthwork
239
Haul Centre of gravity of prismoid
243
Final estimate
245
Monthly estimates
246
SECTION PAGE
247
The theodolite
253
Geometrical Propositions 271
Curve Formulæ 277
2
Radii Offsets and Ordinates 280
3
Middle Ordinates for Rails 804
12
Grades and Grade Angles 305
14
Barometric Heights in feet 307
4
Correction for Earths Curvature and Refraction 309
8
Coefficient for Reducing Stadia Measurements 310
Minutes in Decimals of a Degree 313
Inches in Decimals of a Foot 314
Squares Cubes Roots and Reciprocals 315
7
Logarithmic Versed Sines and External Secants 404
29
Natural Tangents and Cotangents 458
Natural Versed Sines and External Secants 470
6
Selection of angles 21
21
Rocky shores Tielines 22
22
Useful Numbers and Formulæ 500
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