College Physics, Volume 1

Front Cover
Macmillan Company, 1911 - Physics - 622 pages
 

Contents

Vectors and Scalars
10
Projection upon Rectangular Axes
11
Summation of Any Number of Vectors
12
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS CHAPTER II
14
Pressure Stress Tension
15
Impulse Weight Gravitation and Inertia
16
Motion
17
Newtons First Law of Motion
19
Newtons Second Law of Motion
20
Newtons Third Law of Motion
21
ARTICLE
23
LIGHT
26
Applications of Uniform Circular Motion
29
SOUND
32
Velocity of Point executing Simple Harmonic Motion
37
Work done by a Gas expanding under Constant Pressure
43
CHAPTER V
51
Formulae for Translation and Rotation
53
ARTICLE PAGE 48 Friction
59
The Balance
60
50 Sensibility of the Balance
61
Moment of Inertia
62
Moment of Inertia and Angular Acceleration
65
Kinetic Energy of Rotation
66
Ideal Simple Pendulum
67
Compound or Physical Pendulum
68
Problems
70
CHAPTER VI
74
Hookes Law
75
Youngs Modulus
77
Intermediary Qualities
78
Viscosity
79
63 Coefficient of Viscosity Poiseuilles Law
80
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS CHAPTER VII
82
Pressure at Any Point in a Fluid
83
Free Surface of a Liquid at Rest
84
Principle of Archimedes
86
Density and Specific Gravity
87
ARTICLE
88
Liquids in Communicating Tubes
89
The Barometer
90
Manometers
92
The Siphon
94
Weight and Density of Air
96
CHAPTER VIII
98
Velocity of Effusion for Gases
99
80 Flow of Liquids through Tubes
100
81 Flow in Pipes of Variable Section
101
82 Jet Pumps
102
MOLECULAR MECHANICS CHAPTER IX
104
Adhesion and Cohesion
105
Capillary Phenomena
106
86 Molecular Range
107
Surface Tension
108
Experiments on Surface Tension
109
Measurement of Surface Tension
111
Capillary Action as Related to Surface Tension
112
Angles of Contact
113
92 Behavior of Films
114
CHAPTER X
116
Solution of Solids
117
Free Diffusion of Gases Daltons Law
118
Diffusion of Gases through India Rubber and through Redhot Metals
119
Free Diffusion of Liquids
121
Osmotic Pressure
123
101 Dialysis
124
Problems
125
ORIGIN AND PROPAGATION CHAPTER XI
126
Wave Motion
127
Characteristics of Wave Motion
128
Characteristics of Sound
129
Sound Waves Longitudinal
131
CHAPTER XII
134
Experiments of Regnault
135
Theoretical Velocity of Sound
136
112 Application of Newtons Formula
138
Correction for Temperature
139
Velocity of Sounds in Solid and Liquids
140
CHAPTER XIII
141
Reflection of Sound
142
Reflection at End of Cylindrical Pipe
143
Principle of Interference
144
Curves of Maximum and Minimum Intensity
146
Experiments illustrating Interference
147
MUSICAL RELATIONS CHAPTER XIV
150
The Diatonic Scale
151
Musical Intervals
152
126 Transposition
153
RESONANCE PHENOMENA CHAPTER XV
155
Graphical Method for Lissajouss Figures
158
Free and Forced Vibrations
159
Resonance
161
Stationary Vibrations
163
Laws of Transverse Vibrations of Strings
164
Meldes Experiment
165
Segmental Vibration
166
Overtones
167
Problems
169
CHAPTER XVI
171
Nodes in Open and Closed Organ Pipes
173
Quality of Sound
174
Kundts Experiment
175
143 Mouth Pieces
177
145 The Ear
179
CHAPTER XVII
182
Molecular Theory of Heat
184
TEMPERATURE
185
CHAPTER XVIII
186
The Mercuryinglass Thermometer
187
Limitations of the Mercuryinglass Thermometer
188
Other Forms of Thermometer
189
153 Maximum and Minimum Thermometers
191
CHAPTER XIX
193
Practical Importance of Expansion
194
Further Applications
195
Cubical Expansion of Solids
196
158 Anomalous Expansion
197
Expansion of Liquids
198
Maximum Density of Water
199
Expansion of Gases Law of GayLussac
200
The Constant Pressure Gas Thermometer
201
CHAPTER XX
202
The Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
203
The Zero of the Gas Scale
206
The Gas Law Problems Absolute Temperatures
207
QUANTITY OF HEAT CHAPTER XXI
210
Thermal Capacity of a Body 170 Thermal Capacity of a Substance
211
Thermal Capacity of Water 172 Specific Heat of a Substance
212
The Method of Mixtures
213
174 Law of Dulong and Petit
214
Specific Heats of Gases
215
CHAPTER XXII
216
The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
217
The First Law of Thermodynamics
218
Compression and Rarefaction of a Gas 181 Free Expansion of a
220
Isothermal and Adiabatic Expansion
221
183 Evaluation of c
222
184 Coefficients of Volume Elasticity
223
185 Velocity of Sound in a Gas 0
224
186 The JouleThomson Effect
225
CHAPTER XXIII
227
Irreversible Processes
228
The Reciprocating Steam Engine PAGE
229
ARTICLE PAGE 191 The Internal Combustion Engine
230
192 The Steam Turbine
231
Problems
232
CHANGE OF STATE CHAPTER XXIV
234
Heat of Fusion
235
Supercooling
236
Change of Volume during Fusion
237
Freezing Point of Solutions
238
CHAPTER XXV
240
Evaporation and Daltons Law
241
The Boiling Point
242
Superheating
243
206
244
207
245
208
246
Cooling by Evaporation
247
211
248
212
249
213
251
214
252
215
253
216
254
218
256
220
258
Critical Data of Gases 220
259
221
262
222
264
224
265
225
266
228
268
229
269
The Actionatadistance Theory
274
ARTICLE PAGE 234 Poles of a Magnet
275
Unit Pole
276
Intensity of a Magnetic Field
277
Magnetic Moment
278
Magnetism a Molecular Property
279
Loss of Magnetic Quality at High Temperatures
280
CHAPTER XXXI
282
Magnetic Induction and Intensity of Field
283
Tubes and Lines of Induction Lines of Force
284
Properties of Lines of Induction
285
Lines of Induction through a Magnet
286
Induced Magnetism
287
Polarization of a Cell
289
CHAPTER XXXII
290
Magnetic Dip
292
250 Secular Variations
293
251 Other Variations
294
Problems
295
ELECTRODYNAMICS CHAPTER XXXIII
296
Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current
297
Direction of an Electric Current
298
Magnetic Field due to a Circular Current
300
Electromagnetic Unit of Current
301
259 The Tangent Galvanometer
302
CHAPTER XXXIV
312
Wheatstones Bridge
313
Laws of Resistance
314
Resistivity 275 Conductance and Conductivity
315
Resistance in Series 277 Resistances in Parallel
316
278 Change of Resistance with Temperature 279 Conductors and Insulators
317
Problems
318
CHAPTER XXXV
320
Electrolysis of Metallic Salts
321
Faradays Laws of Electrolysis 284 Electrochemical Equivalent
323
Definition of the Ampere
324
Polarization
329
The Daniell Cell
330
291 The Bichromate Cell 292 The Leclanché Cell 293 The Storage Cell
331
294 Energy Relations CHAPTER XXXVI
333
Fall of Potential in a Circuit containing a Cell
334
Cells in Series
335
Cells in Parallel
336
Definition of the Volt
337
CHAPTER XXXVII
338
287 Electrolytic Resistance 288 Practical Applications of Electrolysis PAGE 302
339
303
340
304
341
305
342
306
343
307
344
309
345
310
346
The CooperHewitt Lamp
347
312
348
314
349
316
350
317
351
318
352
Problems
353
CHAPTER XL
355
320
356
321
357
Magnetization of Iron
358
323
360
325
361
326
362
327 Magnetic Leakage
364
328
365
330
367
331
368
333
369
334
371
335
372
337
373
339
374
340
375
341
376
342
377
344
378
345
379
346
380
347
381
348
382
Work done in moving a Charge
384
351 The Polyphase Generator
385
The Electric Motor
391
ELECTROSTATICS
397
Electrification of a Hollow Conductor
403
THE ELECTRON THEORY
409
Potential at a Point due to a Charge
416
Capacity and Charge of a Condenser
422
The Electromagnetic Theory of Light
430
CHAPTER XLVI
433
Electrolytic Dissociation Theory
434
408 Transfer of Electricity by Negative Charges
435
CHAPTER XLVII
436
Influence of Pressure upon Discharge
437
Cathode Rays
438
412 Lenard Rays
439
414 The Ratio em in Cathode Rays
441
Canal Rays
442
Roentgen Rays
444
Ionization of Gases
446
420 Other Sources of Ionization
447
422 Charge of an Ion
448
423 Charge of an Electron
450
CHAPTER XLVIII
451
Properties of the Radiations
452
The ẞ Rays
453
Theory of Radioactivity
454
CHAPTER XLIX
457
Nature of Light
458
Rectilinear Propagation
459
Shadows
460
Images through Small Apertares
461
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS CHAPTER L
463
Images in a Plane Mirror
464
Path of Rays
465
Successive Reflection from Two Mirrors
466
Concave Spherical Mirrors
467
Discussion of Formula
469
Construction of Images in Spherical Mirrors
470
CHAPTER LI
472
447 Refraction through Plane Parallel Plates
473
Refraction at a Plane Surface
476
Critical Angle
477
CHAPTER LII
479
Prisms of Large and Small Angle
480
The AbbéLittrow Principle
481
Discussion of Formula
483
ARTICLE PAGE 455 The Sign of the Quantity f
484
Discussion of Lens Formula Concave Lenses
486
Discussion of Lens Formula Convex Lenses
487
Image and Object at a Fixed Distance
488
Constants of Thick Lenses
489
460 Geometrical Significance of Focal Lengths
490
461 Gausss Definition of Focal Lengths
491
462 Determination of Focal Lengths
492
Spherical Aberration
494
Problems
495
CHAPTER LIII
497
The Fraunhofer Lines
498
The Total Mean Partial and Relative Dispersion
500
Irrationality of Dispersion
501
Anomalous Dispersion
502
Chromatic Aberration
503
Direct Vision Spectroscope
505
Problems
506
CHAPTER LIV
508
The Eye
509
Defects of Vision
511
Apparent Size and Magnification
512
The Simple Microscope
513
The Astronomical Telescope
514
The Compound Microscope
515
Spectroscope and Spectrometer
516
PHYSICAL OPTICS CHAPTER LV
519
481 Velocity of Light Foucaults Method
520
ARTICLE PAGE 482 Undulatory Theory of Light
523
483 Equations of Wave Motion
524
484 Superposition of Small Vibrations
525
Law of Reflection of Light deduced from Huygenss Principle
526
Law of Refraction of Light deduced from Huygenss Principle
527
Problems
528
CHAPTER LVI
530
Interference from Two Small Apertures
531
489 Fresnels Biprism
533
Interference in Thin Films
535
491 Interferometers
537
492 The Michelson Interferometer
538
CHAPTER LVII
540
The Diffraction Grating
541
Measurement of Wave Length
542
Bright Line Spectra
544
Continuous Spectra
545
Spectrum Analysis
546
Peculiarities of Spectra
547
CHAPTER LVIII
549
Resolving Power of the Eye
551
503 Resolving Power of the Microscope
552
504 Resolving Power of a Grating
554
CHAPTER LIX
557
Polarization by Reflection
558
ARTICLE PAGE 507 Brewsters Law
560
Double Refraction
562
Polarization by Double Refraction
563
511 Paths and Intensities of the Rays
565
513 Wave Surfaces in Uniaxial Crystals
567
CHAPTER LX
570
Two Nicols
571
Doubly Refracting Substance in Parallel Plane Polarized Light
572
Rings and Cross in Iceland Spar
573
Double Refraction in Isotropic Media under Stress
575
520 Rotary Polarization
576
521 Magnetooptical Rotation
577
RADIATION CHAPTER LXI
578
Methods of Observation
579
Radiation Spectrum
580
Law of Inverse Squares
582
Reflection and Refraction
583
CHAPTER LXII
584
Kirchhoffs Law
586
531 Spectral Distribution of Energy
587
533 Wiens Displacement Law
588
534 Wiens Second Law Plancks Law
590
536 Radiation Pressure
591
CHAPTER LXIII
594
Mixing of Colors
595
Color of Natural Objects
596
Surface Color
597
543 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
598
CHAPTER LXIV
600
Hertzs Experiments
602
Electric Radiators and Receivers
604
547 Seibts Experiments
605
548 Wireless Telegraphy
607
549 Wireless Telephony
608
550 The Speaking Arc
609
551 Index of Refraction for Ether Radiation
610
552 Electron Theory of Radiation
611
INDEX
613
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