Furnace Operations

absolute pressure air leakage air registers API gravity atomization Btu/cu burner design burning of fuels calculation calorific value carbon cause characteristics combustion convection cost cubic foot dew point diameter duct effect emissivity energy equipment excess air factor firing flame flare system flared gases fluid ft./sec fuel burning fuel oil function furnace furnace draft gas flow gas pressure gas temperature gaseous greater H/C ratio heat content heat loss heat release heat transfer heater heating value hydrocarbons hydrogen inches increase less liquid lower heating value measurement methane mixture molecules noise operation orifice oxide oxygen partial pressures perature pollution pres produce psig radiation reaction reduced refractory sample sensible heat significant sound specific square stack gases steam steam trap sulfur supply surface Table temperature level thermocouple tion tube turbulence ture typical vanadium velocity viscosity volume water vapor wind