Outlines of Botany for the High School Laboratory and Classroom: (based on Gray's Lessons in Botany) |
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absorption Algæ anther antheridia antherozoids archegonia arrangement axils axis bark bearing become blade Botany branches buds calyx carbon carpels chlorophyll color common compound microscope corolla cotyledons cross section Cryptogams Dandelion diagram dicotyledonous dissecting Draw egg cell embryo epidermis Examine EXERCISE Experiment Ferns fertilization filaments floral flower clusters Flowering Plants foliage fruit germination green growing growth inflorescence insects laboratory layer leaf leaflets leaves lens Liverworts lobed material Note oögonia oöspore organs ovary ovule palmately petals petiole Phanerogams pinnately pistil plant body pollen portion prothallium protoplasm pupils receptacle reproduction root hairs rounded sacs scales seed seedling seen sepals shoot side simple soil species spike sporangia sporangium spores spring stalk stamens starch stem stigma structure substances surface taproot temperature tendril termed thallus thickened tion tissue trees tube tuber twigs upper Vaucheria vegetable veins walls wood xerophytic zoospores
Popular passages
Page 55 - I have more than once gone on purpose during a gale to watch a Bryony growing in an exposed hedge, with its tendrils attached to the surrounding bushes ; and as the thick and thin branches were tossed to and fro by the wind, the tendrils, had they not been excessively elastic, would instantly have been torn off and the plant thrown prostrate. But as it was, the Bryony safely rode out the gale, like a ship with two anchors down, and with a long range of cable ahead to serve as a spring as she surges...
Page 63 - I never saw a Big Tree that had died a natural death; barring accidents they seem to be immortal, being exempt from all the diseases that afflict and kill other trees. Unless destroyed by man they live on indefinitely until burned, smashed by lightning, or cast down by storms, or by the giving way of the ground on which they stand.
Page 32 - When the leaf falls off in autumn, the base remains as protection to the bud (Fig. 23). 36. Store of food. — In trees, the stems which bear the buds are filled with abundant nourishment deposited the summer before in the wood and in the bark. Subterranean buds are supplied from thick roots, root stocks, or tubers, charged with a great store of nourishment for their use. (See Figs. 20, 47, 48.) 37. Renewal of growth. — We see that the on-coming of spring finds plants ready to resume their interrupted...
Page 184 - Each individual divides into two parts, by transverse division, each part becoming a new individual. Under favorable conditions — abundance of food and considerable warmth — the Bacteria may double in numbers about every half hour. In this way enormous multitudes may result even from one original individual in a comparatively short time. Low temperatures retard growth and division : hence the utility of ice in preserving foods in warm weather. Under certain conditions Bacteria pass into a spore...
Page 236 - The formation of albuminous substances'.—Assimilation is only the first step toward the formation of living substance, or protoplasm. The albuminous substances which compose protoplasm differ from the carbohydrates produced by assimilation, in containing a considerable proportion of nitrogen often with some sulphur and phosphorus. It is in the formation of these nitrogenous, or albuminous, matters that the nutrient mineral salts are put to use. Where this final step in the production of proteid...
Page 150 - Elm. and those of a compound pistil. Two common sorts of the first are named as follows: — 326. The follicle, a fruit of a simple carpel, which dehisces down one side only, ie by the inner or ventral suture. The fruits of Marsh Marigold (Fig. 267) are of this kind. 327. The legume or true pod, such as the Pea pod (Fig. 268), and the fruit of the Leguminous ™ or Pulse family •266 267 generally, which 266.
Page 76 - ... fibres ; and in the blade these spread out in a horizontal direction, to form the ribs and veins of the leaf. The stout main branches of the framework (like those in Fig. 50) are called the ribs. When there is only one...
Page 238 - ... respiration is clearly indicated by the escape of the telltale gas. 1 Such as the new root hairs of some aquatics, the cells of the leaf of the fresh-water Eelgrass, and cells of the alga called Chara, and young trichomes of many plants. 570. " The contrast between assimilation and respiration l is very marked: one is substantially the opposite of the other.
Page 134 - Each one of these straps or ligules, looking like so many petals, is out into the ligule; the five minute teeth at the end indicate the number of constituent petals. So this is a kind of gamopetalous corolla, which is open along one side nearly to the base, and outspread. 269. In Asters, Daisies, Sunflower, Coreopsis (Fig.
Page 3 - ... having outgrown certain now antiquated methods of teaching botany, find the best of the more recent text-books too difficult and comprehensive for practical use in an elementary course. The large number of subjects included in the modern high-school course necessarily confines within narrow time-limits the attention which can be devoted to any one branch. Thus, more than ever before, a careful selection and judicious arrangement, as well as great simplicity and defiuiteness in presentation, are...