Professional Papers of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army

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Page 16 - The front plate was bolted to the second, the second to the third, the third to the fourth, and the fourth to the horizontal beams in the rear, with 5 inches of teak between the plates.
Page 1 - Very respectfully, your obedient servant, HG WRIGHT, Chief of Engineers, Brig, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Hon. ROBERT T. LINCOLN, Secretary of War. [First indorsement.] Approved. By order of the Secretary of War. JOHN TWEEDALE, Chief Clerk.
Page 22 - ... upon it the molten steel to the required thickness. The steel has a much higher temperature than the iron plate; that of the latter being comparatively low. The excess of heat in the steel beyond the welding temperature of the iron serves to bring up the surface of the iron to a welding heat. The carbon in the steel carburizes the iron to a depth of from one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch, thus forming a zone of mild steel between the hard steel and the iron, which constitutes an inseparable...
Page 4 - P = weight of shot in pounds; r = radius of shot in inches. That such plates can, therefore, be safely used in ship construction, their thickness being determined by the limit of flotation and the protection needed. 4th. That though experiments with wrought-iron plates, faced with steel, have not been sufficiently extended to determine the best combination of these two materials, we may nevertheless assume that they give a resistance about one-fourth greater than those of homogeneous iron.
Page 17 - ... from the face of the target, is 7.4 inches more than in the foregoing round, the difference being accounted for by the greater amount of bulge in the rear. The point of the shot was visible through large cracks in the back of the target, in some places open to a width of 2J inches.
Page 26 - EFFECTS. The projectile broke up in its head as well as in the body, the plate being scored all over its face by the flying fragments. The diameter of the shot mark was 9£ inches ; the point of the shot had penetrated little more than 3 inches, whereas with the same energy in striking it would in a wrought-iron plate of the same thickness have reached to a distance of 1 2 inches from the face of the plate.
Page 27 - The plate was manufactured by Messrs. Cammell & Co., was 18 inches in thickness and of large area. The face consisted of 5 inches of steel, united at the back to 13 inches of wrought iron, the entire mass constituting what is termed a steel-faced plate. It rested against a mass of timber without being fastened. EFFECTS. The projectile broke up on contact with the plate, driving part of the ogival head into the metal, and producing two horizontal cracks extending right and left from the spot where...
Page 18 - The shot of the 18-ton gun struck the plate near the center and penetrated about 10 inches. At first the plate appeared to be but little damaged, but shortly after it split in two cracks, one running from the hole to the edge of the target, the other extending some distance, but not to the edge of the plate. The shell was shattered into fragments. (Fig. 4.) A salvo from the 18-ton and 25-ton guns, fired next, dislodged a large piece from the right-hand top corner of the plate.
Page 27 - ... and rolling them down to 5 inches in thickness, borax being used as a flux. The steel and iron were in equal parts, the former containing .5 per cent, of carbon. One plate was hardened and the other unhardened. EFFECTS. First round (8£ pounds powder). — The hardened plate was indented 3£ inches...
Page 14 - ... doubled up. Total iron penetration, 18.8 inches. Sixth round. The next round fired was against a solid 22-inch plate (Brown), same charge as preceding round. The shot hit the plate at its lower edge, broke up into several pieces, which were deflected downwards, making a hole in the ground 6 to 8 feet deep in a slanting direction under the target. Though lost for the immediate object of experiment, this round was of great interest, for it showed that a shell striking the edge of a narrow belt...

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