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MEASURES OF SURFACES AND SOLIDS.

496. The square meter is the unit of ordinary surface measures, and is 1.196 sq. yd., or 10.764 sq. ft.

1 sq. cm., exact size. .00155 sq. in.

1 Sq. Mil'li-me'ter. sq. mm. 100 Sq. Mil'li-me'ters 1 Sq. Cen'ti-me'ter. sq. cm. 100 Sq. Cěn'ti-me'ters = 1 Sq. Dec'i-me'ter. 100 Sq. Děc'i-mē'ters = 1 Sq. Me'ter.

.155 sq. in.

sq. dm.

15.5 sq. in.

sq. m.

1.196 sq. yd.

497. The ar is the unit of land measures, and is a square whose side is 10 meters, and contains 100 sq. meters.

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1. The meter is used in measuring cloths and short distances.

2. The kilo-meter, equal to § of a mile, nearly, is used for measuring

long distances.

3. The dec'i-är is of an är; the děk'är is 10 a.;

an acre is 40 ärs, nearly.

498. The cubic meter is the unit of ordinary solid measures.

1 cu. cm., exact size. 1 Cu. Mil'li-me'ter. cu. mm. .000061 cu. in. 1000 Cu. Milli-me'ters = 1 Cu. Cen'ti-me'ter. cu. cm. 1000 Cu. Cěn'ti-me'ters 1 Cu. Děc'i-me'ter. cu. dm. 1000 Cu. Děc'i-me'ters

=

1 Cu. Me'ter.

cu. m.

.061 cu. in.

ft.

.0353 cu. 35.3166 cu. ft.

499. The ster is the unit of wood or stone measures, is a cubic meter, equal to 35.3166 cu. ft., or .2759 cord.

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and

1. The square and cubic measures are only the squares and cubes of

the measures of length.

2. The cubic deci-meter is called a li-ter when used as a unit of liquid or of dry measures.

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MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

500. The li'ter is the unit of capacity, both of liquid and of dry measures, and is equal in volume to 1 cu. dec'i-me'ter, equal to 1.0567 qt. liquid measure, or .908 qt. dry meas.

1 Mil'li-lï'ter.

10 Mil'li-li'ters = 1 Căn′ti-liter. 10 Căn’ti-liters = 1 Děc'i-li'ter.

10 Dec'i-lï'ters = 1 Li'ter.

10 LITERS
10 Děk'a-li'ters = Hěk ́to-liter.

DRY ml.

LIQUID
mi

Dry M.

Liquid M.

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1 Te liter is used in measuring liquids in moderate quantities.

2. The hek'to-li'ter is used for measuring grain, fruit, roots, etc., in large quantities, also wine in casks.

MEASURES OF WEIGHT.

501. The gram is the unit of weight, and is equal to the weight of a cu. cen'ti-me'ter of distilled water.

A gram is equal to 15.432 gr. Troy, or .03527 oz. Avoir.

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1. The gram is used for weighing letters, gold, silver, medicines, and ali small, or costly articles.

2. The kilo-gram or kilo is the unit of common weight in trade, being a trifle less than 2 lb. Avoir.

= 1 cu. dec'i-me'ter = 1 li'ter =·

(2.6792 lb. Troy.

2.2046 lb. Avoir.

3. 1 kilo-gram 4. 15 grams are taken as an ounce at the U. S. Post Office. 5. The ton is the weight of a cu. m. of water, and is used for weighing very heavy articles, being about 2041 lb. more than a common ton.

502. Units of length, of capacity, and of weight, form a scale of tens (10); hence, each order of units will occupy one place.

503, Units of square measures form a scale of hundreds, 100 (10 × 10); hence, two places must be allowed to each order.

504. Units of solid measures form a scale of thousands, 1000 (10×10 × 10); hence, three places must be allowed to each order.

505. To add, subtract, multiply, and divide metric denominations.

1. What is the sum of 314.217 m., 53.062 Hm., and 225 cm.? SOLUTION. 314.217 m. +5306.2 m. +2.25 m. = 5622.667 m.

2. Find the difference between 4.37 Km. and 1246 m.

SOLUTION 4.37 Km. -1.242 Km. = 3.128 Km.

3. How much cloth in 81 pieces, each containing 43.65 m.? SOLUTION. 43.65 m. x 8.25 360.1125 m.

4. How many garments, each containing 3.5 m., can be made from a piece of cloth containing 43.75 Dm. ?

SOLUTION. 437.5 m. ÷ 3.5 m. = 125 times; hence, 125 garments.

All computations in METRIC NUMBERS are similar to those in integers and decimals, or in U. S. money.

5. Add 7.6 m., 36.07 m., 125.8 m., and 9.127 m.

6. Express as meters and add 475 dm., 3241 cm., and 725 mm. 7. Add 56.07 m., 1058.2 dm., 430765 cm., 6034.58 m., and express the result in kilometers.

8. From 8.125 Km. take 3276.4 m.

9. How many meters of ribbon will be required to make 32 badges, each containing 40 centimeters?

10. What will be its cost, at 15 cents a meter?

11. Find the difference between 25.3 Km. and 425.25 m. 12. If an engine runs 36.8 Km. in an hour, how far does it run between 8 o'clock and 12 o'clock ?

13. In 15 sq. Hm. how many square meters?

14. What is the surface of a floor 12 m. long and 7 m. wide? 15. Add 8 times 4 Ha., 7 times 9 a., and 12 times 14 ca. 16. What is the area of a piece of land 42 Dm. long and 36 Dm. wide?

17. How many meters of carpeting .6 m. wide will cover a floor 8 m. long and 5.4 m. wide?

18. From 36 cu. m. subtract 8 times 42 cu. dm.

19. How many cubic meters of brick in a wall 16 m. long, 3 m. high, and 8 dm. thick?

20. How many cu. meters of earth must be removed in digging a cellar 16.5 m. long, 8.2 m. wide, and 3.2 m. deep?

21. In a pile of wood 9.3 m. long, 2.8 m. high, and 1.5 m. wide, how many sters, and what is its value, at $2.75 a ster? 22. Find the sum of 175 l., 25 Hl., 42 cl., and 16 dl. 23. From 6 times 25 Hl. take 15 times 36 1.

24. Divide 5 Hl. of corn equally among 25 persons.

25. From a cask of wine containing 2 Hl. of wine, 125 1. were drawn out. How much remained?

26. How many Hl. of wheat can be put into a bin 3 m. long, 2 m. wide, and 1.5 m. deep?

27. Change 16.5 T. to kilos; to grams; to decigrams. 28. If coffee is $.80 a kilo, what will 5 quintals cost?

506. Units of the metric system are changed to units of the common system by using the equivalents in the preceding tables.

50%. Units of the common system are changed to units of the metric system by using the equivalents in the following

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In 400 Km. ?

508. 1. How many feet in 24.5 m.? In 472 cm. ? 2. How many miles in 6000 m.? 3. How many meters in 75 yd.? 4. In 436 ars, how many acres? 5. In 3588 sq. yd. how many sq. m.? 6. In 13 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. 3 gi. how many Hl.?

In 18 yd. 1 ft. 6 in. ?
How many sq. rods?
How many ars?
many liters?

How

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