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Specific directions for using the above table for addition may be found under Table No. 1, page 16. Tables Nos. 1 and 2 will afford very profitable drill exercises in all the fundamental rules of Arithmettc.

The teacher will observe that besides the drills in Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division, this and Table No. 1 also afford abundant exercise in Numeration. The exercises of adding, etc., at sight, also involve numerating at sight. Further exercise may be had, by rapidly reading the columns and lines. Also, by mentally prefixing one or more figures to each number, and then reading rapidly by column and by line.

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40. 1. How many are 10 cents less 3 cents? 10 cents less 4 cents? 10 cents less 5 cents?

2. Five taken from 10 leave how many? 7 from 10, how many? 8 from 10? 3 from 10?

3. How many tens are 7 tens less 3 tens? 9 tens less 5 tens? 4. How many hundreds are 7 hundreds less 4 hundreds? 9 hundreds less 6 hundreds? 800 less 500?

5. How many thousands are 8 thousands less 3 thousands? 9 thousands less 5 thousands? 7000 less 4000 ?

6. What is the unit of 6 miles? Of 12 acres?

7. Can 6 miles be taken from 12 acres? Why not?

8. Can 5 hundreds be taken from 8 thousands? 4 tens from 7 tens? Why?

9. Only what kind of a number can be taken from another?

PRINCIPLE.Any number, or any order of units, can be subtracted only from a like number, or a like order of units.

41. Subtraction is the process of finding the difference between two like numbers.

1. The minuend is the number from which the other is taken.

2 The subtrahend is the number to be taken from the minuend. 3. The difference or remainder is the number found by subtraction.

42. The sign of subtraction is -. and signifies less.

It is read minus,

Thus, 9—6 = 3 s read, 9 minus 6 equals 3, or 9 less 6 equals 3.

2

DRILL EXERCISES.

43. Write upon the slate or board a line of figures, thus:

3, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 8, 6, 9, 5.

1. At sight, promptly give the difference between each two consecutive numbers; thus, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2, etc.

2. Next, give the difference between the sum of each two consecutive numbers, and the number next on the right; thus, 3 and 4 less 2 is 5, 4 and 2 less 5 is 1, etc. Then re

peat, simply naming the results, 5, 1, 0, 9, 2, 5, etc.

3. Then subtract each number in succession from 10; thus, 7, 6, 8, 5, 3, 7, 2, 4, 1, 5.

4. In the same manner, subtract each number from 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc., to 20.

A large number of similar exercises may be obtained by the use of Drill Tables Nos. 1 and 2.

Each line and column of the table should be used for drills like the above.

Next, give the difference between the sum of two consecutive numbers and the number next below in each column; then, between the sum of two consecutive numbers and he number next on the right, in each line. 5. Take 2 from 23 till the remainder is 1.

23-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2

Written, 2 = 1. Read, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1. 6. Take 3 from 26, till the remainder is 2. 7. Take 4 from 28, till the remainder is 0. 8. Take 4 from 39, till the remainder is 3. 9. Take 5 from 52, till the remainder is 2. 10. Begin with 2, and count 29 by adding 3 successively; then reverse and subtract 3, till the remainder is 2.

11. Begin with 3, and count by 4's to 31; then reverse, and subtract 5, till the remainder is 2.

12. In like manner, beginning with different numbers, add forward and subtract back by 4's, 5's, 6's, 7's, 8's, and 9's.

Equations to be treated in the same manner as those in

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Written, 9+8-5+3+7-2+6-8+4+5-9, etc.

Read,

9, 17, 12, 15, 22, 20, 26, 18, 22, 27, 18.

8.7+6+4-8+10-5? | 10. 10+10-8+5-7+9=? 9. 12+5+7-3+8−6+4=?| 11. 4+12+8−5−6+7 = ? Similar dictation exercises may be given by the teacher, or put upon the slate or blackboard by the pupil.

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44. 1. How many units are 9 units less 4 units? 9-4? 2. How many tens are 9 tens less 4 tens? 90-40 ?

3. How many hundreds are 9 hundreds less 4 hundreds? 900-400 ?

4. How many thousands are 9 thousands less 4 thousands? 9000-4000 ?

It will be observed that the difference between 9 and 4 abstractly is the same, whether it represents units, tens, hundreds, or thousands.

5. Give the difference of each of the following at sight:

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For further exercises of this kind, use Drill Table No. 2.

7. A grocer having 20 boxes of lemons, sold 12 boxes. How many boxes had he left?

ANALYSIS.-He had left the difference between 20 boxes and 12 boxes, which is 8 boxes.

8. If a man earns $12 a week and spends $7 for provisions, how many dollars has he left?

9. From a piece of cloth containing 17 yards, 8 yards were cut. How many yards remained?

10. A jeweler bought a watch for $11, and sold it for $18. What was his gain?

11. Clarence had ten cents, and Eloine gave him six more ; he then gave 7 cents for a book. How many cents had he left?

ANALYSIS.—He had left the difference between 7 cents and the sum of 10 cents and 6 cents, which is 9 cents.

12. Lillian bought a shawl for $16, and a pair of gloves for $2, and gave in payment two $10 bills. How much change should she receive?

13. A man having $20, paid $7 for a hat, and $8 for a vest. How many dollars had he left?

14. A boy had 9 cents, he earned 12 cents more, then gave 7 cents to his sister. How many cents had he left?

15. What is the difference between 76 and 39?

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16. From a piece of cloth containing 56 yards, 18 yards were cut. How many yards remained?

17. James having 75 cents, gave 12 cents for a book and 15 cents for a slate. How many cents had he left?

18. A man having received $45 for labor, paid $15 for a coat, $7 for a barrel of flour, and $6 for a ton of coal. much had he left?

How

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