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20. George earned 47 cents one day, and 32 cents the next. How many cents did he earn in both days?

21. A man bought a sleigh for 45 dollars, paid 22 dollars for repairing it, and 7 dollars for painting it. What was the entire cost?

22. A tailor bought two pieces of cloth, one containing 37 yards, and the other 29 yards. How many yards in both pieces?

23. There are 66 boys and 45 girls in a school. How many pupils in all?

24. What is the cost of a pound of tea at 53 cents, and a pound of coffee at 27 cents?

25. A lady paid 36 dollars for a shawl, and 24 dollars for dress goods. What did all cost?

31. The dollar sign is $. It is read, dollars.

Thus, $45 is read, 45 dollars; $9 is read, 9 dollars.

32. The character 4, or the letters ct. or cts., are used to denote cents.

Thus, 28, or 28 cts, is read, 28 cents.

33. To distinguish dollars from cents, when written as one number, a point (.) is placed between the dollars and cents. Thus, $6.25 is read, 6 dollars 25 cents.

34. Since 100 cents make one dollar, cents always occupy two places at the right of the point.

Thus, 42 cents may be written, $.42; 18 cents, $.18.

35. If the number of cents is less than 10, a cipher must occupy the first place at the right of the point.

Thus, 8 cents is written, $.08; 4 dollars 6 cents, $4.06.

36. The sign $ and the point (.) should never be omitted.

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Express the following by proper figures and signs:

17. Eight dollars fifty cents.
18. Twelve dollars twenty cents.
19. Forty-one dollars ten cents.
20. Ninety-seven cents.
21. Six dollars eighteen cents.
22. Fifty-five dollars five cents.
23. Eighty-one dollars ten cents.
24. Two hundred fifty cents.
25. Three hundred eight cents.

26. 63 dollars 80 cents. 27. 105 dollars 9 cents. 28. 100 dollars 10 cents. 29. 216 dollars 5 cents. 30. 20 dollars 3 cents. 31. 10 dollars 9 cents.

32.

310 dollars 41 cents.

33.

76 dollars 84 cents.

34.

70 dollars 7 cents.

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38. To find the sum of two or more numbers.

1. Find the sum of 465, 762, and 238.

EXPLANATION.-Arrange the numbers so that units

of the same order stand in the same column.

When the sum of any column is 10, or more than 10, it contains one or more units of a higher order, which must be added to the next column.

465

762

238

1465 Sum.

Begin with the lowest order of units, and add each column separately, pronouncing successive results only; thus, 8, 10, 15, the sum of the units, equal to 1 ten 5 units. Write the 5 units in the units' place, and add the 1 ten to the tens' column; thus, 1, 4, 10, 16, the sum of the tens, equal to 1 hundred 6 tens. Write the 6 tens in the tens' place, and add the 1 hundred to the hundreds' column; thus, 1, 3, 10, 14, the sum of the hundreds, equal to 1 thousand 4 hundreds, which write in the hundreds' and thousands' places. Hence, the sum is 1465.

In like manner, copy and add the following:

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In arranging for addition, dollars should be written under dollars, and cents under cents, in such order that the points stand in a vertical line.

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10. Find the sum of $370.21, $2.49, $3.07, and $.94. 11. If 4 loads of coal weigh respectively 1922, 1609, 2100, and 1873 pounds, what is the entire weight?

12. Gave $325 for a horse, $275.50 for a carriage, $75.75 for a harness, and $20.62 for a robe. What was the cost of the whole?

RULE.-1. Write the numbers so that figures of the same order stand in the same column.

2. Beginning at the right, add each column separately, and write the sum, if expressed by one figure, under the column added.

3. If the sum of any column consists of more than one figure, write the unit figure under that column, and add the remaining figure or figures to the next column.

To test the result, perform the addition in the reverse direction, and, if the results agree, the work is probably correct.

The following is also a good exercise for the slate or board:

EXPLANATION.-Write two numbers, as 342 and 534; add them, and use their sum, 876, as a third number; then add the three numbers and use their sum, 1752, for a fourth number, and so on, as far as desired.

342

534

876

1752

Add the following, extending each to the sixth number:

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19. 123456+785+12+345 +901+567 +48 = ? 20. 1234567890+8763+347 +1037 +198760 = ? 21. 1724005+3761+20472+367012+19762 = ? 22. $246.26+$85.50+$100.09+$17.75+ $.96 = ? 23. $84.90+$760 +$1235.18+ $56.73+$1000 = ? 24. $4500+ $63.19+$508.07 + $24.30+ $300.05 = ?

25. A merchant bought at public sale 852 yards of broadcloth, 750 yards of muslin, 2140 yards of flannel, and 350 yards of silk. How many yards in all?

26. Bought a pair of boots for $8.50, an umbrella for $3.62, a pair of gloves for $1.25, some collars for $.75, and a hat for $4. What was the whole cost?

27. A lady gave $48.50 for silk for a dress, $16.75 for the trimmings, and $15.62 for making. What was the cost of the dress?

28. Find the sum of 5736 dollars 45 cents, 1200 dollars 80 cents, 405 dollars 15 cents, 50 dollars 9 cents, and 84 cents.

29. A lady paid 12 dollars for a scarf, 3 dollars and 25 cents for a fan, two dollars for a pair of gloves, and 42 cents for a collar. How much did she pay for all?

30. A has $2248, B has $3677, and C has 800 more than A and B together. How many dollars have all?

31. Paid $3456 for a house, $426.75 for painting it, $2809.48 for furniture. What was the cost of the whole ?

32. From Chicago to Detroit is 284 miles; Detroit to Suspension Bridge, 230 miles; Suspension Bridge to Albany, 304 miles; Albany to New York, 143 miles. What is the distance from Chicago to New York?

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39. Four loads of coal weigh respectively 2148, 1976, 2209, and 1894 pounds. What is the weight of all?

40. A gentleman gave to each of his five sons $3840.50. What sum did he give to all?

41. A speculator bought, at different times, wheat as follows: 300 bushels, for $480.75; 615 bushels, for $1391.70; 2000 bushels, for $4240; and 1210 bushels, for $2620.80. How much wheat did he purchase, and what did it cost him? For examples 42 to 48 inclusive, use the numbers in a line across the page; for 49 to 52, in columns as arranged.

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