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12. At $ a foot, what will 6 yd. 1 ft. of lead pipe cost? 13. At 4 cents a foot, what will 5 yards of wire cost? 14. At 16 cents a yard, what will 24 yards of ribbon cost? 31 yd.? 5 yd.? 43 yd.?

15. How many square yards in 36 sq. ft.? In 72 sq. ft.? 16. How many square rods in of an acre? In ? In .75? 17. What part of an acre is 40 sq. rd.? 20 sq. rd.? 80 sq. rd.? 18. In 54 sq. ft., how many surface yards? In 84 sq. ft.? 19. How many acres in sq. mi.? In .25? In ? In .5? 20. In 2 square yards, how many square feet? 21. How many cubic feet in 2 cu. yd. ? 22. How many cubic inches in 1 cu. ft. 23. What part of a cubic yard are 9 cu. 24. How many cubic feet in 3 cd. ft.? 25. In of a cord, how many cord feet? 26. How many cord feet in 64 cu. ft.? 3 cords? In 5 Cd.?

In 3 cu. yd.?

20 cu. in.?

ft.? Are 12 cu. ft.? In 4 cd. ft. ?

Cubic feet?

In 96 cu. ft. ? In

27. What part of a cord is 6 cd. ft. ? 32 cu. ft. ?
28. What part of a cubic yard is 18 cu. ft.? 21 cu. ft. ?

MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

179. Capacity signifies extent of room or space.

Measures of capacity are divided into two classes: measures of liquids and measures of dry substances.

The units of capacity are the gallon for liquid and the bushel for dry

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In estimating the capacity of cisterns, reservoirs, etc. :

311 Gallons

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bbl. gal.

qt. pt.

63 Gallons = 1 Hogshead, hhd. 1 hhd. = 2 = 63 = 252 = 504.

The barrel and hogshead are not fixed measures, but vary in different States. A barrel of kerosene contains 42 gallons.

181. Dry measures are used in measuring dry substances; such as grain, seeds, fruit, etc.

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182. 1. How many gills in 3 pt.? In 1 qt. 1 pt.? In

31 qt.? In qt.? In 2.5 pt.?

2. How many pints in 1 gal.? In 2.5 gal.? In 1 gal. 2 qt. 1 pt.?

Pints? Gills?
How many gallons?
What part of a gal. ?

3. In 2 gal. how many quarts? 4. In 32 pt. how many quarts? 5. What part of a quart are 6 gi.? 6. What part of 2 gal. are 4 pt. ? Are 8 pt.? 2 qt.? 3 qt.?

7. At 4 cts. a pint, what will 6 qt. of milk cost?

8. If a gallon of wine cost $4, what will 1 pt. cost?

9. How many pint bottles will be required to hold 3 gal. 1 qt. of syrup? 2 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt.?

10. How many quarts in 3 pk. 6 qt.? In 1 bu. 2 pk.? 11. In 96 qt. how many pecks? How many bushels? 12. How many quart boxes will 1 bu. 2 pk. 6 qt. fill? 13. At 5 cents a pint, what is a bushel of chestnuts worth? 14. At 20 cts. a quart, what will .5 bu. of plums cost? 15. Bought a peck of peanuts for $.80, and sold them at 6 cts. a pint. What was the gain?

MEASURES OF WEIGHT.

183. Weight is the measure of gravity, and varies according to the quantity of matter a body contains.

The unit of weight is the Troy pound of the Mint, and contains 5760 grains.

184. Troy weights are used in weighing gold, silver, jewels, and in philosophical experiments.

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The Long Ton of 2240 lb. is seldom used, except in U. S. Custom Houses, to estimate duties.

186. The weight of the bushel of certain kinds of grains, seeds, and vegetables has been fixed by statute in many of the States. The following are the prevailing standards:

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The following denominations are also in common use: 100 lb. of Grain or Flour= 1 Cental. 196 lb. of Flour

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60

66

45 "

= 1 Barrel.

Beef or Pork= 1 Barrel.
Lime

280 lb. of Salt at N. Y. Salt Works = 1 Barrel.

= 1 Cask.

ORAL EXERCISES.

18%. 1. How many grains in 3 pwt. ? In 2 pwt. 12 gr.? 2. How many ounces in 16 pwt.? In 100 pwt.? In 120 pwt.? In 150 pwt.?

3. How many ounces in 5 lb.? In 3 lb. 10 oz. ? In 4 lb. ? 4. What will a gold chain, weighing 2 oz. 12 pwt., cost at $1 a pennyweight?

5. What part of a pound Troy is 4 oz.? 6 oz.? 8 oz. ? 6. How many spoons, each weighing 2 oz., can be made of 2 lb. 6 oz. of silver? Of 34 pounds?

7. How many ounces in 4 lb. Avoir.? In 5 lb. 6 oz.?

In 875 lb. ? many lb. ?

3000 lb.?

4000 lb. ?

8. In 56 oz. how many pounds Avoir.? In 64 oz. ? 80 oz.? 9. How many pounds in 7 cwt.? In 8 cwt.? In 3.5 cwt.? 10. How many cwt. in 600 lb. ? In 450 lb.? 11. In 2 T. how many hundredweight? How 12. How many tons are 2500 lb. ? 13. What part of a cwt. are 25 lb.? 14. How many hundred pounds in .25 of a ton? In ? 15. At 8 cts. a pound, what will 3 cwt. of sugar cost? 16. What is the cost of a ton of hay, at 1 cent a pound? 17. How many pounds in bbl. of pork? In .5 bbl. of flour? In of a keg of nails? In .25 cental of wheat?

50 lb. ?

75 lb.?

18. What is the cost of 2 bags of wheat, each containing 120 lb., at $2 a bushel?

19. What will 20 lb. of clover-seed cost, at $10 a bushel? 30 lb.? 48 lb.? 80 lb. ?

20. What is the cost of .5 of a quintal of fish, at 6 cts. a lb.? 21. At $3 a bushel, what is the cost of 30 lb. of beans? 22. If 25 lb. of cheese cost $33, what will 2 cwt. cost? 23. How many barrels are 1200 lb. of beef? 1000 lb. of pork? 8 cwt. of beef? 5 cwt. of pork?

24. At $12 a barrel, what will a sack of flour weighing 49 pounds cost?

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The months in the year, and the number of days in each :

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In most business transactions, 30 days are counted as a month, and 12

months a year.

The civil day begins and ends at 12 o'clock, midnight. The astronomical day, used by astronomers in dating events, begins and ends at 12 o'clock, noon.

When the number denoting the year is divisible by 4 and not by 100, and also when it is divisible by 400, the month of February has 29 days, and the year is called a LEAP YEAR.

Thus, 1880 is a leap year but 1883 is a common year; the year 2000 is a leap year, but 1800 and 1900 are common years.

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