Elements of Mental Philosophy Enbracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Volume 1

Thomas Cogswell Upham

Harper & Brothers, 1841 - Intellect

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INTRODUCTION CHAP I PRIMARY TRUTHS Section 1 Importance of preliminary statements in Mental Philosophy 2 Nature of such preliminary s...	17

The material doctrine makes a man a machine	18

Prinary truth of personal existence	19

Occasions of the origin of the idea or belief of personal existence	20

Primary truth of personal identity 7 Reasons for regarding this a preliminary truth	21

There are original and authoritative grounds of belief	24

Primary truths having relation to the reasoning power	25

No beginning or change of existence without a cause 11 Occasions of the origin of the primary truth of effects and causes	26

176	231

177	232

178	234

180	237

The idea of space has its origin in suggestion	246

Characteristic marks of the notion of space	247

Of the origin of the idea of power	249

Origin of the idea of the first or primitive	250

Matter and mind have uniform and fixed laws	27

This primary truth not founded on reasoning 27	28

Section	31

No exact correspondence between the mental and bodily state	34

Evidence of this want of exact correspondence	35

Comparative state of the mind and body in dreaming	36

The great works of genius an evidence of immateriality	37

The doctrine of materiality inconsistent with future existence	39

LAWS OF BELIEF CHAP IV GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 30 The mind may be regarded in a threefold point of view 31 Evidence of the general ...	41

Memory and testimony considered as sources of belief	42

Objection to reliance on testimony	44

Of relative suggestion as a ground of belief	45

Of reasoning as a ground or law of belief 44 45	46

30	47

31	48

33	50

34	53

35	55

DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART FIRST THE ...	56

36	59

37	60

Our first knowledge in general of a material or external origin	62

39	64

The same subject further illustrated	65

Subject illustrated from the case of James Mitchell	66

Illustration from the case of Caspar Hauser	67

Of connatural or innate knowledge	69

The doctrine of innate knowledge not susceptible of proof	70

The doctrine tried by the idea of a	71

The discussion of this subject superseded and unnecessary	73

47	74

Evidence of the same from the terms found in different languages 50	76

50	78

The connexion between the mental and physical change not sus ceptible of explanation 52 Of the meaning and nature of perception	80

Of the primary and secondary qualities of matter	81

Of the secondary qualities of matter	82

Of the nature of mental powers or faculties	83

THE SENSES OF SMELL AND TASTE 56 Nature and importance of the senses as a source of knowledge	84

Of the connexion of the brain with sensation and perception	85

Order in which the senses are to be considered	86

Of the sense and sensation of smell 60 Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations 61 Of the sense and sensation of taste	87

Design and uses of the senses of smell and taste	89

THE SENSE OF HEARING	90

of sound	91

Varieties of the sensation of sound	92

Manner in which we learn the place of sounds	93

Application of these views to the art of ventriloquism	94

Uses of hearing and its connexion with oral language	96

THE SENSE OF TOUCH 69 Of the sense of touch and its sensations in general	97

Idea of externality suggested in connexion with the touch	98

ORIGINAL SUGGESTION	99

Of certain indefinite feelings sometimes ascribed to the touch	103

75 Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified	104

76	105

Statement of the mode or process in visual perception	106

Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight	107

The idea of extension not originally from sight	108

80	109

81	111

82	112

83	114

84	116

85	117

86	118

Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief	119

Conceptions which are joined with perceptions	120

Conceptions as connected with fictitious representations CHAP XI SIMPLICITY AND COMPLEXNESS OF MENTAL STATES	121

87	122

89	123

Simple mental states not susceptible of definition	124

90	125

Origin of complex notions and their relation to simple	126

91	127

Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings 172	128

92	129

93	130

94	131

Doctrine of the non existence of matter considered	132

96	133

97	134

Instances of particular abstract ideas	135

Mental process in separating and abstracting them	136

f generalizations of particular abstract mental states	137

Of the importance and uses of abstraction	138

Application of habit to the touch	143

Other striking instances of habits of touch	146

Habits considered in relation to the sight	147

Of different opinions formerly prevailing 131 Of objects contemplated as wholes 132 Something more in external objects than mere attributes or qua...	148

Sensations may possess a relative as well as positive increase	149

Of habits as modified by particular callings or arts	150

The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects	151

Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine 110 Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine	152

Of the general nature of attention	153

Of different degrees of attention	154

Dependance of memory on attention	155

Of exercising attention in reading	156

Alleged inability to command the attention CHAP XVDREAMING	157

Definition of dreams and the prevalence of them	158

Connexion of dreams with our waking thoughts	159

Dreams are often caused by our sensations	160

Page	161

165	163

Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause	164

Of our estimate of time in dreaming	165

Import of suggestion and its application in Reid and Stewart	177

Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity	178

Origin of the idea of externality	179

GENERAL ABSTRACT IDEAS	180

Origin of the idea of motion	181

Of the nature of unity and the origin of that notion	182

Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession	183

Origin of the notion of duration	184

General abstract notions the same with genera and species 140 Process in classification or the forming of genera and species	185

Early classifications sometimes incorrect	186

Illustration of our earliest classifications	187

Of the nature of general abstract ideas 186 187	188

Objection sometimes made to the existence of general notions	190

The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c	191

Of general abstract truths or principles 192	192

149	194

151	195

152	197

154	199

155	200

156	202

158	204

159	205

161	207

PART SECOND THE INTERNAL OR SUGGESTIVE INTELLECT INTELLECTUAL STATES OF INTERNAL ORIGIN	219

INTERNAL ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE Section 169 The soul has fountains of knowledge within	221

Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself	222

Opinions of Cudworth on the subject of internal knowledge	223

Further remarks of the same writer on this subject	224

Writers who have objected to the doctrine of an internal source of knowledge	226

174	228

175	229

Of the ideas of right and wrong	251

193	252

194	253

195	254

197	257

198	258

199	259

Of committing to writing as a means of aiding the memory	260

200	261

Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise	262

203	263

204	264

206	265

207	266

209	268

210	270

211	271

VII Of relations of cause and effect	272

Page 213	273

Connexion of relative suggestion or judgment with reasoning	274

Reasons for considering this subject here	275

Meaning of association and illustrations	276

Of the general laws of association	277

Resemblance the first general law of association	278

Resemblance in every particular not necessary	279

Of resemblance in the effects produced	280

Contrast the second general or primary law	281

Contiguity the third general or primary law	282

Cause and effect the fourth primary law	284

Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary	285

Of the influence of lapse of time	286

Secondary law of repetition or habit	287

Of the secondary law of coexistent emotion	288

Original difference in the mental constitution	289

The foregoing law as applicable to the sensibilities	290

Of association caused by present objects of perception	292

232	294

Association sometimes misleads our judgments	295

234	296

Connexion of our ideas of extension and time	297

236	298

237	299

238	301

240	302

241	304

Power of the will over mental associations	305

243	306

Further illustrations of indirect voluntary power	307

MEMORY 245 Remarks on the general nature of memory	309

246	310

247	311

Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity in time and place	312

249	314

250	315

251	317

252	318

253	319

254	320

CONSCIOUSNESS 257	325

Consciousness the second source of internal knowledge its nature 256	327

216	329

261	330

262	331

263	333

Application of the principles of this chapter to education	337

Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning	344

Of differences in the power of reasoning	351

Use of definitions and axioms in demonstrative reasoning	357

Further considerations on the influence of demonstrative reasoning	363

Of reasoning by induction	369

Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject	375

Reject the aid of false arguments or sophisms	376

Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocai terms and phrases	378

On the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely	379

Of adherence to our opinions	380

Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth	381

IMAGINATION 306 Imagination an intellectual process closely related to reasoning	383

Definition of the power of imagination	384

Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination	385

Further remarks on the same subject	386

Illustration from the writings of Dr Reid	387

Illustration of the subject from Milton	388

The creations of the imagination not entirely voluntary	389

Illustration of the statements of the preceding section	390

On the utility of the faculty of the imagination	391

Works of imagination give different degrees of pleasure	392

Importance of the imagination in connexion with reasoning	394

Of misconceptions by means of the imagination	396

Explanation of the above misrepresentations of the imagination	397

Feelings of sympathy aided by the imagination	398

COMPLEX IDEAS OF INTERNAL ORIGIN 321 Of complex ideas of external origin	399

Nature of complex ideas of internal origin	400

Of the help afforded by names in the combination of numbers	401

Instances of complex notions made up of different simple ideas	402

Not the same internal complex ideas in all languages	404

Origin of the complex notion of a Supreme Being	406

DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART THIRD IMP...	409

CONNEXION OF THE MIND AND BODY Section Page 328 Disordered intellectual action connected with the body	411

The mind constituted on the principle of a connexion with the body	412

Illustration of the subject from the effects of old age	413

The connexion of the bodily system with the mental shown from the effects resulting from diseases	414

Shown also from the effects of stimulating drugs and gases	415

Influence on the body of excited imagination and passion	416

This doctrine of use in explaining mental phenomena	417

CHAP IIEXCITED CONCEPTIONS OR APPARITIONS 335 Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general	418

Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sight	419

Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sound	421

Section Page 338 First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the eye	422

Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions Neglect of periodical bloodletting	424

Methods of relief adopted in this case	426

Third cause of excited conceptions Attacks of fever	427

Fourth cause of apparitions and other excited conceptions In flammation of the brain	428

Facts having relation to the fourth cause of excited conceptions	429

Fifth cause of apparitions Hysteria	430

PARTIAL INSANITY 345 Meaning of the term and kinds of insanity	431

Of disordered or alienated sensations	432

Of disordered or alienated external perception	433

Disordered state or insanity of original suggestion	434

Unsoundness or insanity of consciousness	435

Insanity of the judgment or relative suggestion	436

369	437

Of partial insanity or alienation of the memory	438

Of the power of reasoning in the partially insane	440

Instance of the above form of disordered reasoning	441

Of readiness of reasoning in the partially insane	442

Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination	443

Insanity or alienation of the power of belief	444

359	446

Of perception in cases of total or delirious insanity	447

Illustration of the above section	448

Of the memory in connexion with delirious insanity	449

Of the power of reasoning in total or delirious insanity	450

Of the form of insanity called furor or madness	451

Of moral accountability in mental alienation	452

Of the imputation of insanity to individuals	453

Of the treatment of the insane	454

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Elements of Mental Philosophy Enbracing the Two Departments of the ..., Volume 2
Thomas Cogswell Upham
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Thomas Cogswell Upham
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Common terms and phrases

able abstract acquired action affections appear apply association attention become belief body brought called cause circumstances colour combined complex conceptions connexion consciousness consequence consideration considered constitution direct distance distinct dreams evidence examination exercise existence experience express extension external fact feeling further give ground habit hand hearing human ideas illustrated immediately important instance intellectual internal kind knowledge known language less light limited look material matter means memory mental merely mind nature necessary never notice notion objects observe occasion once operations organ origin outward particular perceive perception perhaps period person position possess present principle qualities reason reference regarded relation remark respect result seems sensation senses separate sight simple smell soul sound space speak statement suggested supposed taste term things thought tion touch true truth understanding various whole writers

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QR code for Elements of Mental Philosophy Enbracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities

Title	Elements of Mental Philosophy Enbracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Volume 1 Elements of Mental Philosophy Enbracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Thomas Cogswell Upham
Author	Thomas Cogswell Upham
Publisher	Harper & Brothers, 1841
Original from	the New York Public Library
Digitized	19 Jun 2006

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