Human Evolution: An Introduction to Mans AdaptationsIn this new fourth edition, Campbell has revised and updated his classic introduction to the field. Human Evolution synthesizes the major findings of modern research and theory and presents a complete and integrated account of the evolution of human beings. New developments in microbiology and recent fossil records are incorporated into the enormous range of this volume, with the resulting text as lucid and comprehensive as earlier editions. The fourth edition retains the thematic structure and organization of the third, with its cogent treatment of human variability and speciation, primate locomotion, and nonverbal communication and the evolution of language, supported by more than 150 detailed illustrations and an expanded and updated glossary and bibliography. As in prior editions, the book treats evolution as a concomitant development of the main behavioral and functional complexes of the genus Homo among them motor control and locomotion, mastication and digestion, the senses and reproduction. It analyzes each complex in terms of its changing function, and continually stresses how the separate complexes evolve interdependently over the long course of the human journey. All these aspects are placed within the context of contemporary evolutionary and genetic theory, analyses of the varied extensions of the fossil record, and contemporary primatology and comparative morphology. The result is a primary text for undergraduate and graduate courses, one that will also serve as required reading for anthropologists, biologists, and nonspecialists with an interest in human evolution. "Synthesizes the conventional academic thought into a textbook or detailed account for lay readers. Along the chronological narrative are discussions of progress in homeostasis, the primate radiation, locomotion and the hindlimb, function and structure of the head, reproduction and social structure, and culture and society." Book News Bernard Campbell has been a visiting lecturer at Harvard and Cambridge, and has taught and conducted research in Eastern and Southern Africa. He was professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1970-76. Dr. Campbell is author/coauthor of Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man; Human Ecology (second edition, Aldine); Humankind Emerging and the definitive three-volume Catalogue of Fossil Hominids. |
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
Natural Selection and Fitness | 12 |
Genotype Phenotype and the Environment | 15 |
Mutations Great and Small | 19 |
Environmental Change and Evolution Rate | 21 |
Variability Speciation and Taxonomy | 25 |
Homeostasis of the Individual | 31 |
The Human Head | 270 |
Taste and the Tongue | 277 |
The Masticatory Apparatus | 279 |
The Human Jaw | 283 |
Dention | 287 |
Digestion | 298 |
Ecology Diet and Behavior | 300 |
Tools and Resources | 307 |
Homeostasis of the Population | 33 |
Behavior | 36 |
Sociobiology and Human Behavior | 40 |
Evolution and Progress | 43 |
Specialization and Pedomorphosis | 47 |
Organism and EvolutionA Summary | 49 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | 50 |
PROGRESS IN HOMEOSTASIS | 51 |
Constant Body Temperature | 54 |
Heterodontism and Mastication | 56 |
Prenatal Reproductive Economy | 58 |
ད Postnatal Parental Care | 63 |
Determinants of Behavior | 67 |
THE PRIMATE RADIATION | 75 |
III | 81 |
Apes and Humans | 93 |
5 | 109 |
Later Species of Australopithecus | 116 |
IV | 127 |
VII | 138 |
III | 147 |
MANIPULATION AND THE FORELIMB | 199 |
The Evolution of the Human Hand | 220 |
Arboreal Climbers | 226 |
The Eyes | 235 |
Changes in Brain Structure and Function | 248 |
The Significance of the Emotions | 255 |
Food and Fire | 311 |
Summary | 314 |
REPRODUCTION SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND THE FAMILY | 317 |
Birth and Infancy | 320 |
Female Sexuality | 324 |
Male Sexuality | 328 |
Sexual Behavior and Copulation | 330 |
Sexual Dimorphism and Secondary Sex Characteristics | 332 |
The Human Life Span | 338 |
Primate Social Life | 345 |
The Nature and Evolution of the Human Family | 352 |
The Rise of Human Society | 358 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | 360 |
CULTURE AND SOCIETY | 363 |
Percepts and Concepts | 368 |
Memory | 373 |
Intelligence | 376 |
Nonverbal Communication | 383 |
The Evolution of Language | 387 |
Social Stability and Social Institutions | 396 |
The Evolution of Ethics | 401 |
The Rise of the Individual | 405 |
Human Behavior | 407 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | 409 |
References | 459 |
Glossary | 479 |
507 | |
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Common terms and phrases
activity adaptation afarensis Africa African apes Amer anatomy ancestors animals Anthropol arboreal associated Australopithecus baboon bipedal body bones Bovid brain canines cerebral cerebral cortex Chapter characteristics chimpanzee climbing complex condyles correlated cortex culture dentition environment estrus evidence evolutionary evolved female femur Figure forelimb fossil function genes genetic genus glands gorilla Hadar head higher primates hindlimbs homeostatic hominid Hominoidea Homo erectus Homo habilis Homo sapiens human evolution humerus ilium important increase individual Koobi Fora learning limb lineage living lobes locomotion locomotor London males mammals mandible masticatory apparatus mating modern humans molar motor muscles musculature natural selection nerve neurocranium nuchal Old World monkeys Olduvai olfactory orangutan organ pelvis population primates prosimians quadrupedal reduced relatively reproductive result scapula sensory sexual skin skull social group society species Sterkfontein structure survival teeth terrestrial tion Univ ventral vertebral column visual weight York