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" These radiating lines are known as " medullary rays " or " transverse septa." In many woods they are not discernible by the eye, but when they are of large size and strongly marked, as they are in some kinds of oak, they present, if cut obliquely, a beautiful... "
Advanced Building Construction: A Manual for Students - Page 27
by Henry Fidler - 1892 - 239 pages
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Notes on building construction [by P.G.L. Smith].

Percy Gaillemard L. Smith - 1879 - 550 pages
...Sometimes a recurrence of exceptionally warm or moist weather will produce a second ring in the same year. As the tree increases in age, the inner layers are filled up and hardened, becoming what is called " duramen," or " heartwood." The remainder is called " alburnum," or " tapwood." The sapwood is softer...
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Notes on Building Construction: Second Stage or advanced course

Building - 1891 - 324 pages
...is a column of pith p from which planes, seen in section as thin lines mm, radiate toward the bark, and in some cases similar lines mm converge from the...durability, and should alone be used in good work. Characteristics of good Timber. — Good timber should be from the heart of a sound tree — the sap...
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Notes on Building Construction: Arranged to Meet the Requirements of ..., Part 2

Henry Fidler - Construction industry - 1891 - 322 pages
...obliquely, a beautiful figured appearance, known as " silver grain " or " felt." HEARTWOOD AND SAPWOOD.—As the tree increases in age the inner layers are filled...durability, and should alone be used in good work. Characteristics of good Timber.—Good timber should be from the heart of a sound tree—the sap entirely...
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Notes on Building Construction: Materials course for honors

Building - 1892 - 566 pages
...Sometimes a recurrence of exceptionally warm or moist weather will produce a second ring in the same year. As the tree increases in age, the inner layers are filled up and hardened, becoming what is called " duramen," or " heartwood" 1 The remainder is called " alburnum," or " sapwood." The sapwood is softer...
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