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Compound Adjectives of Colour generally follow the same rule: as,
Des cheveux clair-bruns.

:

But frequently they are treated as Substantives used appositively :-
D'une couleur gris-obscur. Des reflets vert-doré (Buffon).

Obs. —châtain has no fem., and remains unchanged in the plur., if modified by another adj.: as,

Des cheveux châtains, but— Des cheveux châtain clair.

B. ALPHABETICAL LIST

OF ADJECTIVES (AND NOUNS USED ADJECTIVELY)
WHICH FORM THEIR FEMININE IRREGULARLY.

N.B.-Adjectives ending in -e mute (unchanged in f.), in -f (f. -ve); in -x (f. -se), in -c (f. -que), in -eur (f. -euse or -eure), in -n (f. -nne), or -el, -eil (f. -elle, -eille), are not included in this list.

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97

V.-GENDER OF NOUNS.

(a) NOUNS OF Different GENDER IN THE Singular AND Plural:—

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Tous, however, has this peculiarity, that it keeps its masc. form before

gens, as

Tous les gens, tous les honnêtes gens, etc.

unless it be followed by another adjective that has a distinct form for the feminine; as

Toutes les vieilles gens; but- Tous les jeunes gens.

The anomaly arises from a conflict between the original gender of gens (Lat. gentes), which is feminine, and the sex of the persons it denotes—men, folks, etc.

(6) NOUNS OF BOTH GENDERS ACCORDING TO THEIR MEANING :—

Masculine.

un aigle [aquila], eagle,

un aune [alnus], aldertree,

quelque chose, something, indef. pron., un couple, couple (male and female), le crêpe [crispus], crape,

un œuvre, work (of an engraver or musician),

le foret (fr. the verb forer), gimlet,
le foudre, thunderbolt (fig.),
le foudre [Germ. Fuder], wine-butt,
le greffe [graphium], registry, rolls,
le livre [liber], book,

le manche [manica], handle,

le mémoire (memoria), memorandum, le mode [modus], mood,

Feminine.

une aigle, standard (female eagle), une aune [ulna], ell, yard,

la chose, the thing,

une couple, brace, two of a sort, la crêpe, pancake,

une œuvre [pl. opera], work in general,

la forêt [med. Lat. forestis], forest, la foudre [fulgurem], lightning,

la greffe, graft, scion,

la livre [libra], pound, £, la manche [manicae], sleeve,

la mémoire, memory,

la mode, fashion,

le moule [modulus], model, mould, | la moule [musculus], mussel,

pattern,

le mousse (Ital. mozzo), midshipman, l'office [officium], office, duty,

le page [raidiov】, page (attendant)
le pendule [pendulus], pendulum,
le période [periodus], highest pitch,
personne, no one, indef. Pron.
le poêle [pensile], stove, pall,
le poste, post, place, employment,
le somme [somnus], slumber, nap,
le souris [subridere], smile,
le tour [tornus], turn, trick,
le vapeur [vapor], steamer,
le vas [vas], vase,

le voile [velum], veil,

la mousse [Germ. Moos], moss, une office, servants' hall, pantry, la page [pagina], page (of a book), la pendule, timepiece,

la période, period,

la personne, person, subst.

la poêle [patella], frying-pan,

la poste [Low. Lat. positia], post, post

la somme [summa], sum, la souris [soricem], mouse, la tour [turris], tower,

la vapeur, steam, vapour,

[office,

la vase (Anglo-Sax. vase), mud, slime, la voile [pl. vela], sail.

It will be seen that most are also of different origin.

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98

VI.-RULES OF GENDER.

I.-The Gender determined by DERIVATION.

Upwards of 90 per cent of French Nouns have the same gender as the Latin words from which they are derived, reckoning the French Masculine as the substitute for Latin Neuter Nouns, most of which have become Masculine in French.

General Rules:-(1) Most French Nouns derived from LATIN MASCULINE
Nouns have remained MASCULINE IN FRENCH :-

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Chief Exceptions.

la comète [cometes].

la planète [planetae, pl. m.]
la mousse [muscus], la rame [ramus].
la grenouille [ranunculus].
une auge [alveus].

la puce [pulicem], la poudre [pulverem].
la cendre [cinerem], la dent [dentem].
la souris [soricem], la brebis [vervecem].
la paroi [parietem], les annales [annales].
la fin [finis], une arche [arcus]; but—

un arc.

Important Exception: Most Latin Nouns in -or, -os, have become Feminine in French :

la couleur, la fleur, les mœurs, etc.

(2) Most French Nouns derived from LATIN NEUTER Nouns have remained MASCULINE IN FRENCH :

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3. Most French Nouns derived from LATIN FEMININE Nouns have remained

FEMININE IN FRENCH :

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Chief Exceptions.

un épi [epica], le lézard [lacerta]. un ongle [ungula], le rossignol [lusciniola]. les thermes [thermæ].

un orchestre [orchestra].

le tilleul [tiliola]; and most names of trees (see II.)

le cyprès [cupressus], le pin [pinus], etc. un atome [atomus].

le paragraphe [paragraphus]. le dialecte [dialectus].

le diamètre, [diametrus].

le phare [pharus].

un arbre [arborem], un art [artem].

un appendice [appendicem].

le front [frontem].

le poison [potionem].

le soupçon [suspicionem].

le sort [sortem], but- la sorte.

le vertige [vertigo], le diocèse [diocesis]. le jaspe [jaspis].

le porche, portique [porticus].

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un rien (rem).

la face [faciem],

face.

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