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alliance allies Alps Anjou army attack Austrians battle became began Buonaparte Cæsar called Cardinal cause century Charles Church citizens conquest Cosmo Council Count crown death declared defeated died dominions Duchy of Milan Duke of Milan Duke of Savoy Emperor Emperor-elect Empire enemy favour Ferrara Filippo Florence Florentines forced Francesco Francesco Sforza Frederic freedom French gained Garibaldi gave Genoa Genoese German Ghibelin Gian-Galeazzo Gonfaloniere Guelfic Guelfs Henry hopes Imperial insurrection Italian joined King Ferdinand King Lewis King of France King of Italy King of Sardinia kingdom kingdom of Naples kingdom of Sicily land League Lombard lord Lorenzo Lucca Ludovico Marquess Medici Milanese Modena nobles North Italy Papacy Papal Parma party Pavia peace Philip Pietro Pisa Pisans Pope Pope's received reign Republic revolt Romagna Romans Rome Saracens seized sent Sforza Siena Spain Spaniards succeeded Swiss territory took treaty troops Tuscany upheld Venetians Venice Victor Emmanuel victorious Visconti