Crystallography and Crystal DefectsCrystallography and Crystal Defects Revised Edition A. Kelly, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK G. W. Groves, Exeter College, Oxford, UK and P. Kidd, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK The concepts of crystallography are introduced here in such a way that the physical properties of crystals, including their mechanical behaviour, can be better understood and quantified. A unique approach to the treatment of crystals and their defects is taken in that the often separate disciplines of crystallography, tensor analysis, elasticity and dislocation theory are combined in such a way as to equip materials scientists with knowledge of all the basic principles required to interpret data from their experiments. This is a revised and updated version of the widely acclaimed book by Kelly and Groves that was first published nearly thirty years ago. The material remains timely and relevant and the first edition still holds an unrivalled position at the core of the teaching of crystallography and crystal defects today. Undergraduate readers will acquire a rigorous grounding, from first principles, in the crystal classes and the concept of a lattice and its defects and their descriptions using vectors. Researchers will find here all the theorems of crystal structure upon which to base their work and the equations necessary for calculating interplanar spacings, transformation of indices and manipulations involving the stereographic projection and transformations of tensors and matrices. |
Contents
Lattice Geometry | 3 |
The Stereographic Projection and Point Groups | 41 |
Crystal Structures | 95 |
Tensors | 129 |
Strain Stress and Elasticity | 151 |
Glide | 181 |
Dislocations | 219 |
Dislocations in Crystals | 247 |
Martensitic Transformations | 339 |
Crystal Interfaces | 365 |
Crystallographic Calculations | 407 |
Vector Algebra and the Reciprocal Lattice | 423 |
Planar Spacings and Interplanar Angles | 431 |
Transformation of Indices Following a Change | 439 |
Proof of Transformation Equations | 445 |
Answers to Problems | 457 |
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Common terms and phrases
angle applied arrangement atoms axes axis boundary Burgers vector called centre circle close components consider consistent constants containing coordinates corresponding crystal Crystallography cubic defect defined deformation described determine diad direction dislocation displacement distance edge elastic elements energy equal equation equilibrium example faces fault Figure follows force given gives glide grain grain boundary hexagonal increase indices intersection inversion ions lattice points layer length lies magnitude martensite material matrix measured metals move neighbours normal obtained occur operation orientation origin packed parallel partials point group pole positions possible primitive produced projection properties pure ratio referred relationship represented respect result rotation screw shear shown in Fig shows side simple single slip plane space space groups sphere stacking strain stress structure surface symmetry Table temperature tensor transformation twin unit cell vacancies values