Crystallography and Crystal DefectsCrystallography and Crystal Defects Revised Edition A. Kelly, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK G. W. Groves, Exeter College, Oxford, UK and P. Kidd, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK The concepts of crystallography are introduced here in such a way that the physical properties of crystals, including their mechanical behaviour, can be better understood and quantified. A unique approach to the treatment of crystals and their defects is taken in that the often separate disciplines of crystallography, tensor analysis, elasticity and dislocation theory are combined in such a way as to equip materials scientists with knowledge of all the basic principles required to interpret data from their experiments. This is a revised and updated version of the widely acclaimed book by Kelly and Groves that was first published nearly thirty years ago. The material remains timely and relevant and the first edition still holds an unrivalled position at the core of the teaching of crystallography and crystal defects today. Undergraduate readers will acquire a rigorous grounding, from first principles, in the crystal classes and the concept of a lattice and its defects and their descriptions using vectors. Researchers will find here all the theorems of crystal structure upon which to base their work and the equations necessary for calculating interplanar spacings, transformation of indices and manipulations involving the stereographic projection and transformations of tensors and matrices. |
Contents
Lattice Geometry | 3 |
The Stereographic Projection and Point Groups | 41 |
Crystal Structures | 95 |
Tensors | 129 |
Strain Stress and Elasticity | 151 |
Glide | 181 |
Dislocations | 219 |
Dislocations in Crystals | 247 |
Martensitic Transformations | 339 |
Crystal Interfaces | 365 |
Crystallographic Calculations | 407 |
Vector Algebra and the Reciprocal Lattice | 423 |
Planar Spacings and Interplanar Angles | 431 |
Transformation of Indices Following a Change | 439 |
Proof of Transformation Equations | 445 |
Answers to Problems | 457 |
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Common terms and phrases
angle atoms axis basal plane Bravais lattice Burgers vector centre of symmetry circle close packed components containing coordinates corresponding crystal axes crystal structure Crystallography cubic crystal defined deformation described diad diad axes displacement edge dislocation elastic equal equation equilibrium example f.c.c. metal Figure force given glide plane grain boundary indices interface intersection interstitial inversion ions K₁ lamella lattice parameter lattice planes lattice points lattice vectors layer macroscopic magnitude martensite matrix mirror planes monoclinic NaCl nearest neighbours normal occur orientation orthorhombic parallel Phys point defects point group pole positions produced projection pure strain quadric radius ratio rhombohedral rotational symmetry screw dislocation Section shear stress Shockley shown in Fig shows simple shear slip direction slip plane slip systems space groups sphere stacking fault stereogram symmetry elements Table temperature tensile tetragonal texture transformation triad trigonal twinning shear unit cell vacancies values Wulff zero