Elements of Surveying and Leveling

Applying logarithms axis azimuth back-sight base-line bearing chord clamp-screw column compass corresponding Cosine Cosine D Cotang course curve decimal degree of curvature degrees determined difference of level divided double meridian distance draw drawn east error example feet field-notes fore-sight given angle given line given point ground height of instrument hence horizontal angles horizontal distance horizontal plane inch intersection latitude and departure length limb line of collimation M. M. Sine mantissa marked measured method multiplied notes offsets paper parallel passing perpendicular plane of reference plot position protractor radius reading right angles scale of equal screws secant side sights Sine D slope spider's lines square chains stakes station subtract surface survey taken Tang tangent theodolite traverse vernier plate vertical plane wwwwwwwww wwwwwwwwww yards