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THE 811

COMPLETE

ARITHMETIC.

ORAL AND WRITTEN.

BY DANIEL W. FISH, A.M.,

EDITOR OF ROBINSON'S SERIES OF PROGRESSIVE ARITHMETICS.

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IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR & CO.,

NEW YORK AND CHICAGO.

1880.

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KEYS to COMPLETE ARITHMETIC and PROBLEMS, and
to COMPLETE ALGEBRA and PROBLEMS,

in separate volumes, for Teachers.

Arithmetic, ORAL and WRITTEN, usually taught in
THREE books, is now offered, complete and thorough,
in ONE book, "THE COMPLETE ARITHMETIC."

*This COMPLETE ARITHMETIC is also published in TWO VOLUMES. PART 1.
and PART II. are each bound separately, and in CLOTH.

Copyright, 1874, by DANIEL W. FISH.

Electrotyped by SMITH & MCDOUGAL, 82 Beekman St., N. Y.
MARTAD COLLEGE LIBRARY

BY EXCHARGE FROM

NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY

FE 27 1932

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THE

HE design of the author, in the preparation of this work, has been to furnish a text-book on the subject of arithmetic, complete not only as a treatise, but as a comprehensive manual for the class-room, and, therefore, embodying every necessary form of illustration and exercise, both oral and written. Usually, this cab. ject has been treated in such a way as to form the contents of three or more graded text-books, the oral exercises being placed in a separate volume. In the present treatise, however, the whole subject is presented in all its different grades; and the oral, or mental, arithmetic, so called, has been inserted, where it logically and properly belongs, either as introductory to the enunciation of principles or to the statement of practical rules-the treatment of every topic from the beginning to the end of the book being thoroughly inductive.

In this way, and by carefully constructed analyses, applied to all the various processes of mental arithmetic, the pupil's mind cannot fail to become thoroughly imbued with clear and accurate ideas in respect to each particular topic before he is required to learn, or apply to written examples, any set rule whatever. The intellect of the pupil is thus addressed at every step; and every part of the instruction is made the means of effecting that mental development which constitutes the highest aim, as well as the most important result, of every branch of education.

This mode of treatment has not only the advantage of logically training the pupil's mind, and cultivating his powers of calculation, but must also prove a source of economy, both of time and money, inasmuch as it is the means of substituting a single volume for an entire series of text-books.

As the time of many pupils will not permit them to pursue this study through all of its departments, the work is issued in two parts, as well as in a single volume. This will, it is thought, be also convenient for graded schools, in supplying a separate book for classes of the higher and lower grades respectively, without requiring any unnecessary repetition or review.

The author feels assured that, on examination, this work will commend itself to teachers and others, by the careful and progressive grading of its topics, the clearness and conciseness of its definitions and rules, its improved methods of analysis and operation, and the great number and variety of its progressively arranged examples, both oral and written, embodying and elucidating all the ordinary business transactions. The use of equations as a form of expression in these examples will be found to possess many advantages, not only as an arithmetical drill, but also in familiarizing the pupil with the use of algebraic symbols.

All obsolete terms and discarded usages have been studiously ignored, and many novel features introduced, favorable to clearness as well as brevity. The work has been carefully adapted, in other respects, to the present time, recognizing and explaining all the recent changes in Custom-house Business, Exchange, etc., and presenting, in connection with the examples for practice under each topic, information not only fresh but important.

Attention is especially called to the manner in which United States Money is introduced in connection with the elementary rules; to the comprehensive treatment of all the various departments of Percentage, so essential at the present time in commercial transac tions; to the articles on Measurements and Mensuration, and the vast amount of valuable information given in connection with this part of the subject. In these respects this part of the work will be found to be particularly adapted to the wants of High Schools and Academies, as well as of Mercantile and Commercial Colleges.

The Reviews interspersed throughout the book will be found to be just what is needed by the student to make his progress sure at each step, and to give him comprehensive ideas of the subject as he advances. Carefully constructed Synopses have also been

inserted, with the view to afford to both teacher and pupil a ready means of drill and examination, as well as to present, in a clear, concise, and logical manner, the relations of all the different departments of the subject, with their respective sub-topics, definitions, principles, and rules.

Great pains have also been taken to make this work superior to all others in its typographical arrangement and finish, and in the general tastefulness of its mechanical execution.

The author takes pleasure in acknowledging his indebtedness for many valuable suggestions received from teachers of experience and others interested in the work of education; especially to Joseph Ficklin, Ph. D., Professor of Mathematics in the University of Missouri, by whom chiefly the sections upon Involution, Evolution, Progressions, and Annuities have been prepared; as well as to Henry Kiddle, A. M., Superintendent of Schools in the city of New York, for valuable assistance, especially in the higher departments of Percentage, and for important suggestions in relation to other parts of the work.

How nearly the author has accomplished his purpose, to give to the public, in one volume, a clear, scientific, and complete treatise on this subject, combining and systematizing many real improvements of practical value and importance to the business man and the student, the intelligent and experienced educator must decide.

BROOKLYN, January, 1875.

D. W. F.

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