The, is called the definite article, for it limits its noun to a known object; as, the man, the bird; that is, some man or bird which is known and of which mention has been made.

The indefinite article is put before the noun singular, and limits it to one of a kind; but the definite article is put before nouns of both numbers; as, a man, the man, or the men, a bird, or the bird, or the birds.

RULE 6. The article refers to the noun in limitation; as, a man walks.

In this example; a is the indefinite article, and refers to the noun, man, in limitation; rule 6. Man is a noun common, third person, singular number, masculine gender, and the subject of the verb walks ; walks is an intransitive verb, third person, singular number, and agrees with its subject man, rule 1. A bird sings. A horse runs. The river flows. The sun shines. The grass grows.

OBS. 1. When a noun is used without an article, expressed or implied, it is taken in its most extensive meaning; as, man goes to his long home; that is, all mankind.

OBS. 2. When the article a, comes before another vowel or a silent h, then it is changed into an; as, an ox, an ant, an apple, an hour. But when a comes before the vowel u, having the long sound, it is not changed into an; as, a unit, a unicorn, a useful man, a union of minds.

Deer run on the hill, Youth fly to pleasure. die. Hope keeps the heart whole,

Man is born to

(Lesson 10.) READING.

The New-York Sailor Boy."

1. Year after year', both far and near,
Some sail the wide seas o'er、;

And never dread, the wave's death bed',
Tho' far from any shore,

2. For in their prime', they learn to climb',
High up the reeling mast、;
And feel a pride, safe there to ride',
Heedlessly', in the blast、.

3. And father's fears, and mother's tears',
For many a truant child',

Have sadden'd life', 'till', with the strife
Of hope and fear', grown wild、.

4. They', side by side', have lain and died',
By their own son forgot、;

Who', o'er the sea', nigh mad with glee',
Blesses his happy lot、.

5. And boys I've seen', who'd never been
Where ships could sail before',

As if in quest of some bird's nest,
Ransack the spars all o'er、.

6. They'd shout as loud', from top-mast shroud',
Which rattl'd in the breeze',
As if at play, on summer's day',
'Mid boughs of apple-trees.

(Lesson 11.) ARITHMETIC.

Avoirdupois Weight.

Table of Parts.

NOTE. By this weight all kinds of drossy goods are usually weighed. Addition of Avoirdupois Weight.

HOND

15

2 15

2. T. 118 18 2 17 11 2

78 10 3 22 14

4

1 6 7 8 take T. 14 14 3

14 14, and add the remainders of the several results.

(Lesson 12.) GRAMMAR.

Of the Adjective..

Adjectives refer to nouns to express some quality or property. The quality of objects differs only by comparison, and adjectives express the shades of difference by a difference in their ending. The adjective expresses a positive state, a comparative degree, and a superlative degree.

The positive state is expressed by the simple adjective; as, a wise man, a sweet apple, a high tree, &c.

The comparative degree, expresses an increase or decrease of the positive state, and is formed by annexing r, or er, to the simple adjective; as, a wiser man, a sweeter apple, a higher tree, &c.

The superlative degree, expresses the greatest increase or decrease of the positive state; it is formed by affixing st, or est, to the simple adjective; as, the wisest man, the sweetest apple, the highest tree, &c.

The adverbs, more and most, and loss and least, may be used to express the degrees; as, a wise man, a more wise man, a most wise man; a wise man, a less wise man, the least wise man.

NOTE. Some adjectives admit of no comparison, such as round, square, white, black, &c.; a state of these something below the positive state, may be expressed by the termination ish, as: roundish, squarish, blackish, &c. (Lesssn 13.) SPELLING.

blan ket

blank ly

blas pheme

bles ser

blank'it
blank'le
blas fême
bles'sŭr

bliss ful

blis ter

blink ard

bliss less

blis'
ful
blis'tur
blink'urd

blis'less

(Lesson 14.) READING.

Address to Winter.

1. Well', old gentleman', thou hast come again To give poor mortals another cold embrace\; But still, I see', in thy forbearing mien', Some smiles of comfort in thy frosty face. 2. Extend thy snowy mantle o'er the world; And', with thy icy sceptre', tyrant', reign; O'er nature fair', thy tempests may be hurl'd', And northern blasts may sweep along the plain;3. Thou wilt not hurt my little thatched cot', As thou rid'st tow'ring on the passing gale/; But', pause', delighted with my happy lot', And, whistling, listen to the evening tale. 4. But if thou caperest round my house', and storm'; And troublest with thy chills an honest soul'; I warn thee now', beware thy grisly form; I'll burn thee', like a wood-chuck', from thy hole. 5. Stay, stay, old fellow; I recall that threat;I feel my powers are weaker far than thine; Should I attempt to make thy noddle sweat', I fear one smack from thee, might shiver mine、. (Lesson 15.) ARITHMETIC.

Multiplication of Avoirdupois Weight. (1) T. 16 - 6 - 2 - 6×5=T.81 - 12 - 3 - 2

(2) T.76 - 14 - 1 - 12×6=

(3) c.18-18-3-16×8= (4) T.13 - 18 - 2 - 14 - 13 - 15×10= (5) c. 12 -3 - 16 -10×11= (6) qr.3-27 - 15 - 15×12=

Division of Avoirdupois Weight.

(1) T.81 - 12-3-2÷5 T.166 - 2 - 6 Ans.

'T.76141 - 12÷6=

(3) C.18 3 - 16÷8=

(4) T.13 - 18 - 214 - 13 - 15÷10¬

(5) C.12 316 10÷11

(6) qr.327 - 15

15÷12=

OBS. Remember, that in the Multiplication of all terms, you carry for as many from a low name to the higher, as will equal unity in that higher.

(Lesson 16.) GRAMMAR.

Exercises in Parsing.

RULE 7. Every adjective refers to some noun, expressed or implied, in qualification; as, Mary writes long letters.

Mary is a noun proper, third person, singular number, feminine gender, subject of the verb writes; writes is a transitive verb, third person, singular number, and agrees with

its subject, rule 1. Long is an adjective, positive state, and refers to the noun letters, in qualification, rule 7. Letters is a noun common, third person, plural number, no gender, and the object af the verb writes, rule 3.

Good boys read large books. Faithful boys get good lessons. Small ships carry light burdens. Ann's apple is sweet, Mary's, sweeter, and Bell's, the sweetest.

OBS. 1. An adjective, with the definite article before it, and no noun after it, may always be used as a noun of the plural number; as, The rich help the poor.

In parsing this sentence, say, the rich, is a noun common, third person, plural number, of one or both genders, and the subject of the verb help; help is a transitive verb, third person, plural number, and agrees with its subject, rule 1. The poor, is a noun common, third person, plural number, of one or both genders, and the object of the verb help, rule 3.

OBS. 2. One, two, three, &c. are termed numeral adjectives; but first, second, third, &c. are termed ordinal adjectives.

OBS. 3. Adjectives of one syllable are mostly compared by er and est, while those of two or more syllables are compared, ge nerally, by more and most, less and least.

1. Push back the bowl! its charms', to-day',
Will vanish e'er to-morrow\;

Its potent fumes', will die away',
And leave you', wreck'd with sorrow.