Lectures on the Diseases of the Kidney, Generally Known as "Bright's Disease", and Dropsy

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Robert Hardwicke, 1861 - Bright's disease - 308 pages
 

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Page 272 - ... the tube under a saturated solution of common salt in water, contained in a steady cup or small mortar. The mercury then flows out, and the solution of salt takes its place, and the mixture of urine and hypochlorite being lighter than the solution of salt, will remain in the upper part of the tube, and will therefore be prevented from descending and mixing with the fluid in the cup. A rapid disengagement of minute globules of gas soon takes place in the mixture in the upper part of the tube,...
Page 273 - It is scarcely necessary to remark, that in cases where great accuracy is required, due attention must be paid to the temperature and atmospheric pressure, and certain corrections made if these should deviate from the usual standards of comparison at the time of reading off the volume of the gas ; but in most cases sufficiently near approximations to accuracy may be obtained without reference to those particulars.
Page 71 - The oxidizing arterial blood has a high affinity for those portions that have become wasted : it effects their disintegration, and then its affinity is lost. The various tissues require repair ; they have an affinity for one or other of the constituents of the blood ; they take the material they need and their affinity is satisfied ; or secreting cells originate a drain upon the blood, and the moment they have removed from it the substance to be secreted, they have no longer any relation with it....
Page 272 - ... dependent on the strength of the hypochlorite and the quantity of urea present; but the decomposition is generally completed in from three to four hours ; it may, however, be left much longer, even for a day if convenient, and having set the experiment going, it requires no further attention ; and when the decomposition is completed, it is only necessary to measure the quantity of gas produced by transferring it into a graduated tube or measure.
Page 271 - I take a strong glass tube, about 12 or 14 inches long, closed at one end, and its open extremity ground smooth, and having the bore not larger than the thumb can conveniently cover. This I fill more than a third full of mercury, and afterwards pour in carefully a measured quantity of urine to be examined, which may be from a quarter of a drachm to a drachm or upwards, according to the capacity of the tube ; then holding the tube in one hand near its open extremity, and having the thumb in readiness...
Page 142 - ... be difficult to conceive a disposition of parts more calculated to favour the escape of water from the blood than that of the Malpighian body. A large artery breaks up in a very direct manner into a number of minute branches, each of which suddenly opens into an assemblage of vessels of far greater aggregate capacity than itself, and from which there is but one narrow exit. Hence must arise a very abrupt retardation in the velocity of the current of blood.
Page 275 - ... is more than that of the mercury used, it will be more than that of the solution of salt, and therefore some of the mixture of urine and hypochlorite will be forced out of the tube before it is completely decomposed, and consequently some of the gas will be lost ; so that if this...
Page 48 - ... be examined under the microscope they are found to be distended, and to have lost their discoid form, and to have become spherical. The blood collectively must therefore appear darker, since each individual corpuscle has become converted into a spherical mirror, from which the red rays are scattered and reflected. It is not unreasonable then to assume that the brightened colour of the blood of the renal veins, may, in part at least, be owing to the separation of water, urea and extractives in...
Page 50 - There is an excess of serum, the clot often constituting not more than one fourth of the blood. (2.) The density of the serum returns to its normal state, or even exceeds it ; sometimes, however, it remains low, even in the advanced stages. (3.) The urea disappears as the disease advances, but usually reappears, towards the termination of the case, in even a larger amount than previously. (4.) The fibrin, which is increased in the first stage, returns to its normal amount as the disease advances,...
Page 273 - F. and 30* bar. ; the same quantity of urea treated as described furnished in one experiment 0'3001, and in another 0'3069 parts of a cubic inch of gas at the same temperature and pressure ; which shows that the calculated quantity of nitrogen differs from the amount of nitrogen gas...

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