butter and falted beef of the cargoes shipped from Bourdeaux for the West Indies, have been hitherto procured chiefly from Ireland.

1

From a memoir lately presented by the Council of Trade at Marseilles to the French Minifter for Internal Affairs, it appears, that in the ten years immediately immediately prec preceding the Revo lution, the total exports from France to all the different emporia of the Levant, and to Bar bary, were equal to the value of 8,460,9271. fterling; that the value of the imports purchased with those exports, and brought home in return, in the fame period of time, was not less than 13,035,5101. fterling; and that the average yearly gain of France upon its Levant and Barbary trade, from the year 1778 to 1788, was, therefore, not lefs than about 50,0001,. fterling. The Dutch trade to the Levant and Barbary was not, during the fame time, above one eighth part as much as that of the French. The Venetian trade to the fame places was equal only to about a fixteenth part of the French trade. The English trade to the Levant and Barbary, fo confiderable in the time of Charles and James the Second, was but just equal to that of Venice. Woollen-cloth of the manufacture of the province of Languedoc, was the principal article of exportation in this part of the French trade, the French Governmeat afpires to engrofs, by new efforts and regulations, the whole commerce of the Mediterranean Sea.

It is believed that the new Commercial Treaty between Britain and France, will certainly Itipulate a diminution of the duties which are now levied in this country upon claret, and other French wines.

The commercial intercourse between the Auftrian and the Turkith dominions, overland, and across the Danube, which had been long interrupted, or rendered exceedingly infecure by the war with the rebellious Pachas, has been lately renewed in perfect fafety. It favours the conveyance of British goods into Turkey; as a great part of those of our manufactures which are fold at the German fairs, paffes ultimately by land into that country.

The Bank of Ainfterdam is re-established in foll activity. A new Company, confifting of five perfous, has been instituted at Amsterdam, under the authority of the Dutch Govern ment, which has for its object to profecute the South Whale-fithery from the Cape of Good Hope.

The fales at the late fairs in Germany, in which English manufactures so much surpaffed all foreign competition, have acted moit favourably upon the ftate of our cotton manufac tures in every part of this country. Many new works are in a train of erection: as many workmen as can podibly be obtained, are every where hired. Thote works which were, in the beginning of the late war, abandoned, have been again put into full activity. Cotton. wool, which has been lately low in the market, begins to rife in price. The orders are, in fpite of the invidious commercial oppofition of France, from almost every part of the Continent of Europe, from the Mediterranean, and from America and the West Indies. A vast quantity of new capital will, hence, be 'unk in new eftablithuments for the manufacture of cotton; and improving ingenuity will now be applied much more earneftly than ever before to perfect every part in the proceffes of spinning, weaving, and bleaching, and to abridge the labour, so that we may frill be able to bring our goods into the market at a smaller expence than can any of our competitors.

The iron-works in every part of the country have equally begun to be conducted with new fpirit and profperity, in confequence of the peace. The demand for almost all forts of manufactures of iron, is faft increasing; and in the preparation of steel, the iron-masters of this country are rapidly attaining to a skill unequalled in any other part of the world: hands are fcarce to be obtained in fufficient numbers for the demands at the iron-works.

The New Docks at Blackwall were opened on Friday last for the reception of shipping. The fum of 400,0001. has been fubfcribed as a stock to be employed in making a canal on the North fide of London, from the bason of the Grand Junction Canal at Paddingtou, to the London Docks at Wapping. The canal between Glasgow and Leith is now in fuch progrels towards its final execution, that there remains no doubt but the trade of North Britain will foon have the full advantage of it.

Furs, fuch as are used by the hatters, are about 40 per cent. higher in price than they pete a twelvemonth fince.

S

MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

INCE our last, the state of the season has been remarkably fine, both for the purposes of filling, ripening, and cutting the crops. In many of the midland and more fouthern districts, much of the wheat and barley crops have been already cut and fecured. The oas are alfo moftly in nearly a itate of ripeness for being cut. The crops we have already occa fionally observed, turn ont unutually good and abundant.

Old grain, however, still keeps up in price. Average price of corn, &c. for England and Wales, in the week ending Aug. 14.-Wheat, 695.; rye, 42s.; barley, 32s. 10d.; oats, 208. 94.; beans, 35s. 7d.; peafe, 383. 2d.

1

The pea-crops, in many districts, have alfo been already secured; d; but, on the drier de Icriptions of foil, they are probably not fo full or abundant as was expected, the great drynefs and heat of the weather having been unfavourable for then.

The ravages of the black fly have, in many places, been so injurious to the beans as to reduce them to middling crops.

The hay-harvest is mostly finished in the fouthern parts of the kingdom, and in those of the north it is confiderably advanced. The prices of old hay keep up. At Whitechapel Market, hay 51. 5s. to 71.10s.; clover, 71. to $1. 3s.; straw, 11. 18s. to zs. 68.-At St.James's Market, Aug. 21, hay 31. 16s. to 71. 17.; straw, 21. 2s. to 21. 9s. 6d.

The want of rain has operated unfavourably for the rouens, or after crops of hay, the young graffes, in many places, seeming to die away by the great heat and dryness of the feafon; of course, except rain foon falls, there will be but very light crops.

The pafture lands, especially those of the drier and more elevated kinds, are likewife in want of rain, the herbage, in many places, falling off by the drought. The low-pastures are, however, in a more flourishing condition.

Turnips appear well in general, though, in fome places, rather patchy.

Live stock of almost every kind, begin to be more plentiful, though the prices still keep high. Smithfield Market, Aug. 23, beef 4s. to 5s.; mutton, 5s. to 5s. 6d.; veal, 4s. to 5s. 6d.; pork, 5s. to 6s. 9d.; lamb, 5s. to 6s.-Newgate and Leadenhall Market, beet, 3s. 4s. to 4s. 6d.; mutton, 4s. 6d. to 5s.; veal, 3s. 4d. to os.; pork, 5s. to 68.; lamb

4s. 8d. to 5s. 8d.

Hogs are alfo more plentiful. Horses of the good faddle-kind still dear.

In fome of the cyder districts the fruit turns out more abundant than was at first supposed

METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.

Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 25th of July, to the

24th of Sept. 1802, inclusive, two miles N. W. of St. Paul's.

The quantity of rain fallen this month is equal to 1.211 inches in depth. The state of the atmosphere, with regard to its dentity, has been remarkably equal; but once has the variation in twenty-four hours been more than two-tenths of an inch, and frequently, for feveral days together, it has neither rifen nor fallen so much as this.

From the 25th of July to the 2d of August, the weather continued very cold for the feafon; and, it is worth remarking, that, from the 16th of June to the third of August, the thermometer was never once so high as 76°, which is called summer-heat: fince that period, however, a finer feries of harvest weather was never known: seven days the glass has been as high, or even fomething higher, than 80, and, on sight others, it has been equal to, or be yond, fummer heat.

It is confidently faid, that the cuckow was heard in the neighbourhood of Hampstead, at the commencement of the fair weather in this month.

On the 11th inftant, the mercury in the barometer was a little depressed, previously to a very heavy rain in the night, after which the mercury immediately began to rife; and early in the morning of the 13th, we witnessed a pretty levere white froft.

The wind has been chiefly in the weft; but, for several successive days it was changeable, following the course of the fun, being in the east early in the morning, and changing quickly to the weft, by the fouth.

With the exception of a trifing shower or two, which are scarcely deferving of notice, there may be reckoned twenty-five days without rain fince the laft Report, fourteen of which have been very brilliant.

We observed more lightning on the evening of the 23d instant, than we had feen the whole fummer, but it was not accompanied with thunder.

N. B. In our two next Numbers we shall give copies of the Ancient Planisphere and Zodiac conDenni's fplendid Travels in Egypt. Amidst the hundred and fifty interesting prints with which this artist's book is embellished, theje representations of the the Planisphere and Zodiac are, unquefition abiy the most interesting, we baus therefore felected them as fuitable ornaments of the Monthly Magazine,

MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

OCTOBER 1, 1802. [No. 3, of VOL. 14.

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

1. By the very great eccentricity and obliquity of its orbit.

2. By its interfecting the orbit of the Piazzi planet.

3. By its very small distance, if an or dinary planet of the system, from the

as to Piazzi: a circumstance incompatible
with the beautiful harmony of diftances,
suggested by Bode, and with which the
Piazzi so well agrees. The maxim that
names in science are not lightly to be
multiplied, Nomina non funt temere multi-
plicanda, seems most forcibly to apply here.

We should fee very clear and determi-
Cc

nate differences, before we admit other Druidic. Near the town of Carnac, on

Bodies in Astronomy than FIXT STARS, primary and secondary planets, and comets.

I can hardly dwell on the obfervation, that the Piazzi would not fill its place between Mars and Jupiter with fufficient dignity as a planet.

Much better our immortal MILTON:

SIR,

'N' the number of your Magazine for February 1801. page 52, is fome account

the coast of Vannes, in Bretagne, there is a grand monument of this kind, far exceeding Stonehenge, if the account he not exaggerated, which says that there are about 4000 ftones, many as high as eighteen or twenty feet, disposed in the form of a quincunx of eleven rows.-Monthly Magazine, February 1801."

I am more particularly curious concerning this fubject from having lately examined feveral Druidical relics in Cornwall, and being now engaged in the investigation of that wonderful and ftupend ous remain of Druidical ceremony at AVEBURY, in the county of Wilts: fome particulars and description of which I purpose to submit to the public in the course of the enfuing winter, in the Third and laft Volume of the BEAUTIES of WILTSHIRE.

I have lately received a letter from an of an ancient monument, which is there call- ingenious and learned foreigner, giving ed "the celebrated Carnac on the coast of fome account of a Druidical Gructure, Vannes." And the account further states confifting of upright stones with impofts. that it is " of the fame kind with Stone. It is fituated in the parish of Duteil, henge on Salisbury Plain." This notice, about four leagues from Rennes, and is and the description of it, faid to be by diftingnished by the appellation of La "a Traveller in Brittany" excited confi- Roche-aux-fées. derable curiosity, and I anxiously expected Query-Is not this the fame monument further particulars of it, either through before referred to, in your Magazine? and the medium of your interefting literary is not the account exaggerated? Should journal, or the traveller alluded to. I this meet the eye of any gentleman who have hitherto been disappointed, and have has visited those places, he will confer a fought in vain for information concerning it among several Antiquaries. Allow me therefore to call the attention of your readers to this fubject, and we may yet hope to obtain some fatisfactory account of it, or of any fimilar monument, whether fituated on the continent or in any of the British ifles. It is a fubject bigbly interesting and curious, and though all pub- To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. lished accounts are replete with chimerical

:

concerning the origin, uses, and hiftory of these mysterious monuments, yet this mystery should stimulate us to nice and critical investigation.

If the before-mentioned monument be that object of celebrity which we are led to expect by the account, it is rather fingular that the acute and learned Mr. Pinkerton did not, in the course of his multifarious reading for his new geographical work, find fome particulars of it, and not be obliged to refer to an anonymous traveller. In the first volume of his Modern Geography" page 252, he says, In Picardy, and other parts poffeffed by the Belge, there are circles and other monuments of the kind which we call

favour on your readers by stating every particular he knows of them, or of any other fimilar monuments; and to none will it prove more interesting than to

SIR,

Yours, &c.
J. BRITTON.

S the preservation of substances from neral importance, the following queries may perhaps be allowed a place in your Magazine

ift. What effect will follow on placing a quantity of meat, or any other substance liable to the putrefactive fermentation, in vacuo, at the fame time extracting, as far as possible, from the article the air contained in it?

2d. How far will the placing it in oxygen, or in fixed air, retard or accelerate the progress of putrefaction?

3d. Whether the condensation of either of these airs, or of common atmospheric air, will not be attended with a particular effect in preserving fome substances, liable